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6500 BCE
Trephination
The act of exorcising demons if people acted out of the ordinary. -
500
Hippocratic Oath - "First do no harm"
Hippocrates wrote the Hippocratic oath that is still used today to show that physicians will stand by ethical standards. It is one of the most widely known Greek medical texts. -
Wilhelm Wundt Experiments
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Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Tuskegee Institute gave unknowing black men syphilis and watched the experiment and how it was handed down from each generation of children. -
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Nazi Concentration Camp Human Experiments
Included many types of torture, surgeries on people without anesthesia, cold water torture, head injury, mustard gas experiments, low pressure experiments, and more. -
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Nuremberg Code at the Palace of Justice
Nuremberg Codes were made in the Palace of Justice about human experimenting for future projects. [a] voluntary consent is essential; [b] must yield beneficial results to society far in excess of any anticipated risks; [c] avoidance of, and protection from, physical and mental pain and suffering. [d] experiments conducted by scientifically qualified persons; [e] human subject can stop experiment at any time; [f] experimenter must stop upon recognition of injury or harm to participants -
Stanley Milgram Experiments
Stanley Milgram experimented with shock testing on humans. Obedience to authority experiments tested how much someone would obey a authority figure to cause harm to others. -
Zimbardo Prison Experiment
Twenty-four male students from Stamford university were selected for the experiment. The students were given a role as inmate or cop. The inmates experienced the whole series of events from arrest to the searching their body for anything, and the incarceration experiment. Many of the students needed mental help after the experiment was over. -
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Released the Belmont Report which gave 3 important separation is psychology specialties, [a] The distinction between therapeutic practice and research; [b] established ethical principles of respect for persons, beneficence; [c] justice, evidenced by a fair balance between research benefits and burdens. -
HIPPA Act 1996
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge. -
Federal Grants and Funding require completion of education on the protection of human research participants
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The APA Code of Ethics, 8.07, "Deception in Research
[a] Psychologists do not conduct a study involving deception unless they have determined that the use of deceptive techniques is justified by the study's significant prospective scientific, educational, or applied value and that effective non-deceptive alternative procedures are non-feasible. [b] psychologists do not deceive prospective participants about research that is reasonably expected to cause physical pain or severe emotional distress. -
APA Code of Ethics, 8.08[a], "Debriefing"
Provide a prompt opportunity for participants to obtain appropriate information about the nature, results, and conclusions of the research, and they take reasonable steps to correct any misconceptions that participants may have of which the psychologists are aware.