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Period: to
History of Modern Europe
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Oak Cabinet, attrib. André Charles Boulle
Wallacelive.Wallacecollection.org Baroque style oak cabinet. Attributed to André Charles Boulle for Louis XIV. est. 1670-1675 André Charles Boulle, Cabinet, 1670-1675. Oak/Ebony. 186.7 x 123 x 65 cm. The Wallace Collection. Reproduced: Wallace Collection -
The 'Charles Galley' Before a Light Breeze
This is a painting by Willem van de Velde on a "galley frigate" built in the 1670s. It was not a galley, but the term still became part of its name due to its oars. This old form of navigating was still very important in the Mediterranean due to lack of wind and easy maneuverability. Citation:
Van De Velde, Willem. The 'Charles Galley' Before a Light Breeze. 1677. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Accessed April 05, 2015. http://www.the-athenaeum.org/art/detail.php?ID=129937. -
Jar with Iron Collar (Chocolatero)
The Manila Galleon Trade of 1565 to 1815 was a very important economic strategy invented by the Spanish. It brought porcelain and myriad of other exotic goods from China to Mexico in exchange for silver. Hyperlink to Source:
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/11 Citation:
"Jar with Iron Collar (Chocolatero) [Puebla]" (11.87.7) In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/11.87.7. (October 2006) -
Traité de la Police
Nicholas de la Mare wrote this immensely detailed multi-volume account of the Parisian police from Antqiuity to the 18th Century. It remains to this day the most important work for information on the Paris Police
de la Mare, Nicolas. Traité de la Police. Qtd. in. Williams, Alan. The Police of Paris: 1718-1789. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1979. Print -
The Great Frost
Derham reports his empirical findings regarding the low temperatures in Upminster, England (and across Europe) throughout "The Great Frost", one of the coldest winters of the Little Ice Age. Published in 1709 in Philosophical Transactions, the scientific journal of The Royal Society. Citation:
Derham, W. "The History of the Great Frost in the Last Winter 1703 and 1708/9." Philosophical Transactions 26, no.313-324 (1709): 454-478, doi: 10.1098/rstl.1708.0073. -
Hepplewhite Chair
A light mahognay chair built by English furniture designer George Hepplewhite in 1780. George Hepplewhite, Heart Shaped Back Armchair. 1780. Mahogany. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fletcher Fund -
Hailstorms Ravage France
Excerpt from Francois Arago's "Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men" where he describes both the harsh winter of 1788-1789 and the severe hailstorms of July 13th 1788 as key factors catalysing the "political movement of 1789" in France. P. 181- 182 Citation:
Arago, Francois. Biographies of Distinguished Scientific Men. Translated by W.H. Smith, Baden Powell, Robert Grant and William Fairbain. Boston: Thicknor and Fields, 1859. -
A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis (1797)
Influenced by both Bentham and the Marquis Beccaria James Colquhoun wrote this seminal work on preventitive policing, one that would bring the Police into the English political debate. Colquhon, Patrick. A Treatise on the police of the metropolice. London: H. Fry (1797). Print -
Lit en Bâteau
lesartsdecoratifs.fr A mahogany Empire style Lit en Bâteau with gilt bronze, est. 1804-1814. Unknown, Lit en Bâteau, 1804-1814. Mahogany/Gilt Bronze. Musée des Arts Décoratifs. -
Napoleon's Defeat in Russia
Charles Joseoph Minard's famous "Carte Figurative", created in 1869. Ties together multiple streams of data in a way that illustrates the effect of the harsh winter conditions on Napoloen's devastating losses in Russia. Citation:
Landsteiner, Norbert. "Charles Joseph Minard: Napoleon's Retreat From Moscow (The Russian Campaign 1812-1813) An Interactive Chart." Minard: Napoleon's Retreat From Moscow (Russian Campaign 1812-1813). 2013. Accessed April 3, 2015. http://www.masswerk.at/minard/. -
The Year Without Summer
Lord Byron's poem "Darkness", written in July 1816 while on vacation in Switzerland. The poem reflects the darkclimate in which Byron found himself during the "Year Without Summer" and shows the influence of nature on Romanticism. Rothenberg, Jerome and Robinson, Jefferey, eds. "George Gordon, Lord Byron" In Poems for the Millenium, Volume 3: The University of California Book of Romantic and Post-Romantic Poetry. Berkeley: UCalifornia Press, 2009. Accessed April 6, 2015. ProQuest ebrary. -
Oath of the Carabinieri
Victor Emmanuel founded this military police that would prove a vital tool of the regime both during and after the Risorgimento. In this oath the Carabinieri swore allegiance to King with no mention of the law or the public.
Murat, Mario. Il Carabiniere. Piacenza: Apuana, 1935. 35. Print -
Robert Peel's speech introducing the Metropolitan Police improvement act.
Robert Peel was one of the great figures of British Nineteenth Century Politics. This speech outlined the nature of the Police not as a means of social control but rather as a means of ensuring and guaranteeing the liberties of the Public. Peel, Robert. "Metropolitan Police Improvement bill." Peel's Speeches: 1829-1834. Vol. II -
HMS Beagle’s chronometer
It was fabricated by Thomas Earnshaw (1749–1828) and placed on several ships of the Royal Navy. Most importantly however, it served as the timekeeper on board the HMS Beagle in 1831. Also on board was Charles Darwin. Hyperlink to source: http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe/s/chronometer_from_hms_beagle.aspx Citation:
"Ship's Chronometer from HMS Beagle." British Museum. Accessed April 05, 2015. http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/ -
HMS Erebus in the Ice, 1846
HMS Erebus Oil painting by Belgian artist François Etienne Musin (1820–1888) Reference to HMS ‘Erebus’s’ Arctic venture under the command of Sir John Franklin in 1845. On his last voyage they added a steam engine. In 1848 both vessels were abandoned in the ice. Shows the navigation and exploration traits and achievements of the Europeans. Hyperlink to Source:
http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/14798.html Citation:
Musin, Francois. HMS Erebus in the Ice. 1846. Caird Collection -
Pickelhaube
The Königliche Schutzmannschaft, were created in response to the civil strife of 1848. Despite technically being a 'civilian' force this is certainly not the impression they were meant to give off. Not only were all policeman drawn from the army but also they adopted a military uniform most notably the Pickelhaube to make clear their militaristic nature -
Thonet Chair no. 14
Vitra Design Museum.de A steam bent beechwood chair designed by Austrian Micheal Thonet in 1856. Michael Thonet, Chair no. 14, 1859-1860. Bent beechwood, 92.5 x 42 x 50. Vitra Design Museum. -
Passengers from the Titanic Rescued, by The Evening Standard
This is a news article done by the The Evening Standard on the sinking of the RMS Tiitanic. The ship was a British passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. Hyperlink to source:
http://blogs.loc.gov/teachers/2012/04/the-titanic-in-the-news-and-in-memory/. Citation:
Lederle, Cheryl. "The Titanic: In the News and in Memory." Teaching with the Library of Congress. April 5th, 2012. Accessed April 05, 2015. http://blogs.loc.gov/teachers/2012/04/the-titanic-in-the-news-and-in-memory/. -
Snowstorm on Gallipoli Campaign
Snow coats the Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey after a large snowstorm on November 29th 1915. This picture shows an allied kitchen in White Gully. Photograph, Black & white - Film original negative nitrate other, Charles Edwin Woodrow Bean, 29 November 1915 Citation:
"First World War Collections: G01263." Australian War Memorial. Accessed April 3, 2015. https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/G01263/. -
Fortissimo Screen
Metropolitan Museum of Art Built by French Art Deco designer Jean Dunand and Sébastien Soudbinine for Solomon Guggenheim in 1925. Jean Dunand et Séraphin Soubinine, Fortissimo Screen. 1925-26. Lacquered Wood, Egg Shell, Mother-of-Pearl. 246.9 x 89.0 x 3.8 cm. The Metropolitan Museum. -
Wassely Chair
Museum of Moden Art Designed by Marcel Breuer while he was the head of cabinet making at the Bauhaus school of design in Deassau, Germany. Michael Breuer, Club Chair B3, 1927-1928. Chrome-Platted Tubular Steel, Canvas. 71.8 x 78.1 x 71.1 cm. Museum of Modern Art. -
Melanie Oldenberg's Denunciation
The Gestapo's success was largely dependent on the German people. Oldenberg's denunciation is not special for its uniqueness but for its typicality. It shows how normal german people played a critical role in the apparatus of the totalitarian state. Joshi, Vadana. "The 'Private' became 'Public': Wives as denouncers in the Third Reich". Journal of Contemporary History 37.3 (2002). 429 -
Kretschmer with his crew of the U-99 U-boat and celebrating his Knight's Cross award in 1940
Otto Kretschmer was the most successful German U-boat commander in World War 2 and commanded the infamous U-99 Submarine. It brought havock too british supply lines and was able to sink 38 ships. Submarines were hugely successful and important for Europe. Citation:
Kretschmer amidst the Crew of U-99 after Patrol Enjoying the First Bottle of Beer. July 21, 1940. U-99 Submarine. Accessed April 05, 2015. http://www.uboat.net/men/commanders/663.html. -
Operation Barbarossa, Hitler's Russian Campaign
German troops struggle through the cold and snow in Russia during Hitler's Operation Barbarossa. Cold Russian winter, particularly that of 1941/2, made things hard for both soldiers and machines alike. Photograph, date and photographer unknown. Citation:
"Operation Barbarossa." The National World War II Museum. Accessed April 3, 2015. http://www.nationalww2museum.org/calendar/operation-barbarossa.html.
