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469 BCE
Socrates (469-399 BC)
Socrates was an Athenian Philosopher whose questions
and opinions clashed with the current course of Athenian politics and society. Although he did not claim to know virtue himself, he thought it might be known. He also believed that anyone who understands what virtue is will conduct in an ethical manner. Therefore, those who behave badly only do so because they are unaware of or misinformed about the true nature of virtue. -
428 BCE
Plato (428-349 BC)
He was a very significant Greek philosopher and mathematician from the Socratic (or Classical) era. He is arguably the philosopher of all time who is most well-known, most thoroughly studied, and most influential. He held a teleological, or goal-oriented, a worldview in terms of ethics. He came to the conclusion that logic and wisdom should govern. -
384 BCE
Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
He was the first to develop a comprehensive system of philosophy, focusing on Ethics, Aesthetics, Politics, etc. He is one of the most significant founding personalities in Western philosophy. He emphasized that virtue is practical, and that the purpose of ethics is to become good, not merely to know. Aristotle also claims that the right course of action depends upon the details of a particular situation, rather than being generated merely by applying a law. -
Utilitarianism
The Latin words for "utilitarian" are the source of the word.
Utilization is also known as utile bonum which means useful. “Do whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number.” The theory argues that what makes an act right is its consequences and not the motive of the action. The effects or consequences determine the goodness or badness of an action -
Moral Positivism
Thomas Hobbes thinks that people are generally self-centered individuals who are constantly seeking improvement in their position. According to Hobbes, people would act on their
evil impulses if left alone for themselves; therefore, they
should not be trusted to make decisions on their own. Hobbes’ moral positivism anticipates the chaotic outcome if laws are not abided. t is a must for every nation to have someone who would manage and administer them.