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Massachusetts First Schools
The court in the Massachusetts Bay colony decided that in every town if there were 50 families, they should be provided an elementary school. They also state that if the city has 100 families, they should have a Latin School. Technically, it is a school that studies Greek and Latin languages. The school was first created to teach kids to read the bible and have general knowledge about the Calvinist Religion. -
Two-Path Education
Schools were in session. Thomas Jefferson wanted to use the Two-Track Educational System. The educational system can be seen as a high-level education for those who benefit from school and have a future. There were still opportunities for other people to also advance. They had to get accepted into a scholarship that allowed them to go into the advanced classroom they used to say. They were able to give classes that would help the kids with their future careers; think of it as preparation. -
Free Schools
Schools were being offered free to students as Massachusetts passed a law allowing grades Kindergarten to 12 to be completely free. The schools were only free if the towns with 500 + families were in the area, enabling free public schools; first, it started with high school, then continued with the other grades. The Board of Education argued that education is a right, not a privilege. Massachusetts was the first to have done this, influencing the rest of the country to follow through. -
Off Reservation Boarding Schools
Congress made it illegal for Native Americans to be taught in their Native Languages because they would say that the Natives were a significant threat to man. Native American Children were taken away from their parents as young as the age of four years and sent to boarding schools. In the boarding schools, they were taught Christianity, and they wanted to "civilize" the kids. The Native Americans were permitted to speak their language, participate in traditional prayer, and do much more. -
Unequal Teacher Pay (1930 - 1950)
During the time of 1930 - 1950, African Americans were left the North to head South because, in the teaching or education area, they had unequal pay. They paid the Whites more due to their skill, while the African Americans had to do what was necessary to help the kids continue. The southern states were then losing African Americans as the other states in the northern part of the country were putting in more funding and more pay. Leaving was difficult, but they did what they had to do. -
Brown V. Board of Education
Brown V. Board of Education was a case presented by Linda Brown. She was an African American girl who could not enter a white elementary school, so her father, Oliver Brown, wanted his daughter to have entry to any school she wanted. This case targeted discrimination and segregation in one case; the case was then passed, and Congress agreed that all races should be able to school together in unity. This case helped immensely with the Civil Rights Movement, allowing segregation to end. -
Plyler V. Doe
Plyler V. Doe was James Plyler, the superintendent of Tyler Independent School District, and John Doe. This case showed that undocumented kids should be able to have free public schools as, during the time, there was a law that denied the kids to receive an education. The reason that they did not get free education was because the court ruled that they did not want to fund schools to teach immigrant kids. The congress decided that all the kids deserve the ability to learn no matter their status. -
Board of Education V. Rowley
This case evolved between Amy Rowley and Hendrick Hudson Central School District. Her parents requested that she be given a sign language interpreter as she was deaf, but the district denied it and claimed she was doing well with her hearing aid. This caused many arguments because the schools should accommodate all the needs of children in a public education area. They did not allow her to have the interpreter as the Supreme Court claimed she was doing well academically. -
Force V. Pierce
The case talks about Nichole Force v. Pierce City School District; Nichole wanted to try out for the 8th-grade football team, and they denied her because she was female. The reasoning for rejecting her was that they were concerned about her safety in the football team with boys playing. This was not the only reason, but it was also because the school did not want to create a team for females, leading to gender discrimination. Ultimately, they allowed Nichole to try out for the football team. -
Grutter V. Bollinger
The case is Barbara Grutter v. University of Michigan Law School, where the admission process violated her rights because race usage was unfair. She is a white female, and the Law School had Race as a top factor in having a diverse student body. The University of Michigan states that they look at race and other academic requirements to be admitted into the school and claim they did not violate her rights. The Supreme Court favored the University of Michigan as it did not violate any rights.