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Fenians
The Fenians are also known as the Irish Republican Brotherhood. The Fenians were violent and are a secret organisation which then have infiltrations by the British. Church is against them and they want indipendence. In 1867 they have a rebellion but it fails because it is poorly organized. They continue planning terrorist attacks but they lead to the English Reform (Land Act of 1870) to bring calm. -
Home Rule Party
The Home Rule Party is also known as the New Departure. Their leader is Charles Parnell. They don't use violent methods and they want the indipendence. They make some progress: in 1882 they agree the Kilmalnham Treaty to help the poor farmers. They also attempt to pass the Home Rule Bill in 1885 but it fails. He divorces because he had cheated with the wife of his colleague and then dies. -
Irish Volunteers and Irish citizens army
They want indipendence and they want to attack England with weapons from America. British blocks the weapons but the Irish continue anyways. 1916 Easter Rising. After one week the rebels surrender. It leads to support for indipendence and less support for Home Rule. -
Sinn Fein movement
They create the IRA which stands for Irish Republican Army but Ulster (protestants) remain loyal to Britain. The leader of this movement (Eamon de Valera) supports violence against Britain and IRA begins a guerilla war against the police. In 1920 the British prime minister introduces the Government of Ireland Act but the IRA rejects the act and the guerilla war continues. In 1921 a compromise is agreed between Britain and IRA. -
Anglo - Irish treaty
Consequences of the Anglo-Irish treaty: 26 counties of Ireland become the Irish Free State, all British forces are removed and the Irish Free State creates its own army, currency and flag but it still remaines part of the British Empire. -
Continuation of the treaty
Most of the people in 1922 want the treaty because they want peace but the IRA rejectes the treaty. So a brutal civil war breaks out in the Irish Free State and it lasts until 1923. Later on time, tensions remain between Catholics and Prontestants in the North of Ireland.
