-
6700 BCE
map of Catal Hyuk
-
3000 BCE
Babylonian clay tablets
-
3000 BCE
first map of the moon
-
600 BCE
map of Babylonian empire
-
600 BCE
Pythagoras determines earth is a sphere
-
200 BCE
Erastosthenes determines circumference of earth, establishes coordinate grid
-
150 BCE
Hipparchus creates early system of latitude based on the sun
-
150
Ptolemy creates world map with coordinates for 8,000 locations
-
476
Roman Empire collapses, scientific cartography halts in Europe
-
830
Al-Khwarizmi produces world map partly based on Ptolemy's work
-
1030
Al-Biruni develops triangulation
-
1375
Abraham Cresques produces world map using portolan maps
-
1569
Gerardus Mercator publishes his first projection for navigation
-
sextant developed
-
John Harrison develops accurate clock for determining longitude at sea
-
International Meridian Conference chooses Greenwich as the prime meridian
-
high-quality maps produced from aerial and satellite imagery and geographic information systems (GIS); global positioning system (GPS) developed
late 1900s