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Is the composition with notation music most ancient of all the world -
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The purpose of the song was to teach the
word of God to the faithful, so the text was
more important than the music. The
rhythm of the song is free, since it depends
on the text. -
He established a name for each note of the
scale, based on the first syllable of each
verse of the hymn dedicated to Saint John
the Baptist. He originated the current
musical writing, establishing the position of
each note in four horizontal parallel lines
(tetragram). -
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Is one of the best-known composers of sacred monophony, as well as the most recorded in modern history. She has been considered by a number of scholars to be the founder of scientific natural history in Germany. Hildegard's convent at Disibodenberg elected her as magistra (mother superior) in 1136. -
During the Ars antiqua the first polyphonic form was developed: the organum. It’s main composers, from the Notre Dame
school, were Leonin and Perotin. -
He was a famous troubador form french, so he was a trouvère, he also was a compositor and famous poet -
During the Ars antiqua the first polyphonic form was developed: the organum. It’s main composers, from the Notre Dame
school, were Leonin and Perotin. -
During ars antiqua some pholyphonic forms was developed:
Organum: The organum adds a second voice to a Gregorian chant melody (vox principalis), which moves parallel to the first (vox organalis).
Conductus: The melody and the text of all the voices are newly created; no existing compositions are used.
Motet: It consists of two or three voices, each of which sings a different text and also has a different rhythm. -
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Like perotin, they are the first organum composer -
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Alfonso X of Castile, known as the Wise (Toledo, 23 November 1221-Seville, 4 April 1284), was king of the Crown of Castile and the other titled kingdoms between 1252 and 1284. On the death of his father, Ferdinand III the Saint, he resumed the offensive against the Muslims and occupied Jerez (1253), Salé, the port of Rabat (1260) and conquered Cadiz (c. 1262). -
Perotin was a grand french compositor -
In 1264, he had to face a major revolt by the Mudejars of Murcia and the Guadalquivir valley. As the son of Beatrice of Swabia, he aspired to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and devoted more than half of his reign to this project without any positive results. In 1273 he founded the Council of the Mesta of Alfonso X. -
The most representative figures of Ars nova were the composers Guillaume de Machaut and Francesco Landini (the most important
composer of the Italian Trescento style). -
The most widely used form is the motet, but with transformations compared to the Ars antiqua: it becomes more complex, both at a
rhythmic and melodic level and, in many cases, simultaneously uses religious and secular texts. Other forms of Ars nova are the canon,
the ballad, or the chanson. -
Francesco Landini was an Italian composer, organist, singer, poet, instrument maker and astrologer. He was one of the most famous and admired composers of the second half of the 14th century and undoubtedly the most famous composer in Italy. -
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He, in 1455 invented the printing press. This
invention allowed a greater diffusion of music. -
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Juan de Fermoselle, better known as Juan del Encina in the current spelling of his name or Juan del Enzina in the spelling of the time was a poet, musician and playwright of the Spanish Renaissance during the time of the Catholic Monarchs. Along with Juan de Anchieta, Juan de Urreda, Joan Cornago, Francisco de Peñalosa as one of the greatest exponents of religious and secular polyphony in Spain in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs. -
Martin Luther (1483-1546) was the main promoter of the
Protestant Reformation. The result was the separation of
his followers, the Protestants, from the Catholic Church.
Luther's reform brought with it a series of changes that
affected music: -
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Cristóbal de Morales was a Spanish Catholic priest and Kapellmaister who was the main representative of the Andalusian polyphonic school and one of the three great figures, together with Tomás Luis de Victoria and Francisco Guerrero, of Spanish polyphonic composition during the Renaissance. -
He was blind as a child, an adverse circumstance that did not prevent him from having a brilliant musical career. He lived in Burgos. In Palencia he was probably taught by García de Baeza, organist of the cathedral. In 1526 he was organist of the musical chapel of the empress Isabella of Portugal, and in 1538 he entered the service of the emperor Charles I as organist of his Castilian chapel. -
In Rome, the music was influenced by the demands of the Council of Trent. The
compositions were exclusively religious and the style was sober, simple and clear.
The main composers were Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso. -
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In Rome, the music was influenced by the demands of the Council of Trent. The
compositions were exclusively religious and the style was sober, simple and clear.
The main composers were Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Orlando di Lasso. -
In Venice, polychorality was characteristic, which means the use of several
different choirs within the same work. The most prominent composers are Andrea
Gabrieli and his nephew Giovanni. -
She was an Italian composer, lute player and singer of the late Renaissance. She was the first woman composer to have an entire volume of her music printed and published in the history of Western music. -
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Spanish Renaissance music is dominated by the spirit of the Counter-Reformation: the
compositions were austere and very expressive, and stand out for their simplicity. One
of the most outstanding composers of religious music is Tomás Luis de Victoria. -
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In Venice, polychorality was characteristic, which means the use of several
different choirs within the same work. The most prominent composers are Andrea
Gabrieli and his nephew Giovanni. -
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Carlo Gesualdo, Prince of Venosa and Count of Conza , was an Italian composer, one of the most significant figures of late Renaissance music with intensely expressive madrigals and pieces of sacred music with a chromaticism that would not be heard again until the end of the 19th century. -
Claudio Monteverdi, whose full name was Claudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi, was an Italian composer, violagambist, singer, choir director and priest. He composed both secular and sacred music and marked the transition between the polyphonic and madrigalist tradition of the 16th century and the birth of lyric drama and opera in the 17th century. He is a crucial figure in the transition between Renaissance and Baroque music. -
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Strozzi's life and career have been overshadowed by claims that she was a courtesan, which cannot be fully confirmed, as at the time it was assumed that women's music was a courtesan's intellectual asset. -
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Henry Purcell was an English baroque composer. Considered one of the greatest English composers of all time, he incorporated French and Italian stylistic elements into his music, creating an English style of Baroque music. -
The first Stradivarius violin known to us dates from 1666, made when Antony was 22 years old, and it is estimated that during his lifetime he produced around a thousand violins and other stringed instruments, of which some 650 survive. -
Barbara Strozzi, also called Barbara Valle, was an Italian Baroque singer and composer. During her lifetime, she published eight volumes of her own music and had more secular music in print than any other composer of the time. This was achieved without any support from the Catholic Church and without the constant patronage of the nobility. -
Antonio Vivaldi was a Venetian Baroque composer, violinist, impresario, teacher and Catholic priest. He was nicknamed Il prete rosso because he was a priest and had red hair. He is considered one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime spread throughout Europe and he was instrumental in the development of Johann Sebastian Bach's instrumental music. -
Georg Philipp Telemann was a German Baroque composer, although his work also had characteristics of early classicism. He is considered the most prolific composer in the history of music. -
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He was the most important member of one of the most prominent families of musicians in history, with more than 35 famous composers: the Bach family. He had a great reputation as an organist and harpsichordist throughout Europe for his great technique and ability to improvise music at the keyboard. In addition to the organ and harpsichord, he played the violin and viola da gamba. -
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Christoph Willibald Gluck, from 1756 knight of Gluck was a German composer, from the region of Bohemia, Czech Republic. He is considered one of the most important opera composers of the Classicism of the second half of the 18th century. -
Franz Joseph Haydn , known as Joseph Haydn, was an Austrian composer. He is one of the greatest representatives of the Classical period, as well as being known as the “father of the symphony” and the “father of the string quartet” thanks to his important contributions to both genres. He also contributed to the instrumental development of the piano trio and the evolution of the sonata form. -
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Sobre todo se empieza a escuchar y aparecer más sobre la primera parte del siglo 19
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Maria Anna Walburga Ignatia Mozart, also called Nannerl and Marianne, was a famous musician of the 18th century. She was the elder sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and daughter of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart. -
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart (Salzburg, Holy Roman Empire, January 27, 1756-Vienna, Holy Roman Empire, December 5, 1791), better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was a German composer, pianist, conductor and teacher,1 from the former Archbishopric of Salzburg (formerly part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of Austria). A master of classicism, he is considered one of the most influential and outstanding musicians in history. -
Georg Friedrich Händel in English George Frideric Handel was a German composer, later naturalised British, considered one of the leading figures in the history of music, especially Baroque music, and one of the most influential composers in Western and world music. In the history of music, he is the first modern composer to have adapted and focused his music to suit the tastes and needs of the public, rather than those of the nobility and patrons, as was customary. -
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Ludwig van Beethovena was a German composer, conductor, pianist and piano teacher. His musical legacy spans, chronologically, from Classicism to the beginnings of Romanticism. He is considered one of the most important composers in the history of music and his legacy has had a decisive influence on the subsequent evolution of this art. -
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Gioachino Rossini was an Italian composer who gained fame for his 39 operas, although he also wrote many songs, some chamber music and piano pieces, and some sacred music. He set new standards for both comic and serious opera before retiring from large-scale composition while still in his thirties, at the height of his popularity. -
Franz Peter Schubert , known as Franz Schubert, was an Austrian composer of early Romantic music and, at the same time, a continuator of the classical sonata modelled on Ludwig van Beethoven. Despite his short life, he left a great legacy, which includes more than 600 secular vocal works (mainly lieder), seven complete symphonies, church music, operas, incidental music and a large number of works for piano and chamber music. -
Louis Hector Berlioz was a French composer and leading figure of Romanticism. His best-known work is the Symphonie fantastique, first performed in 1830.
Berlioz was born in France at La Côte-Saint-André, between Lyon and Grenoble. His father was a physician (he was an amateur acupuncturist) and sent young Hector in 1821 to Paris to study medicine. Berlioz was horrified by the process of dissection, and despite his father's disapproval, dropped out to study music. -
Felix Mendelssohn, whose full name was Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, was a German composer, conductor and pianist of romantic music, a member of the same family as the pianist and composer Fanny Mendelssohn and the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. Educated in the Jewish faith, he later converted to Lutheranism and adopted the surname Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. In his childhood he was considered a musical child prodigy, but his parents did not try to capitalise on his abilities. -
Frédéric François Chopin was a Franco-Polish teacher, composer and virtuoso pianist, considered one of the most important in history and one of the greatest representatives of musical romanticism, who wrote mainly for solo piano. He has maintained a worldwide reputation as one of the leading musicians of his time, whose ‘poetic genius was based on a professional technique unequalled in his generation’. -
Robert Schumann was a 19th-century German composer, pianist and music critic, considered one of the most important and representative composers of musical Romanticism. Schumann gave up his law studies, intending to pursue a career as a virtuoso pianist. His teacher Friedrich Wieck had assured him that he could become the greatest pianist in Europe, but a hand injury ended this dream and he focused his musical energies on composition. -
Franz Liszt was an Austro-Hungarian Romantic composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, piano teacher, arranger and secular Franciscan. His Hungarian name was Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc, and from 1859 to 1865 he was officially known as Franz Ritter von Liszt. -
Wilhelm Richard Wagner was a German composer, conductor, poet, essayist, playwright and music theorist of the Romantic period. His operas, described as ‘musical dramas’ by the composer himself, in which, unlike other composers, he also wrote the libretto and set design, are particularly noteworthy. Translated with DeepL.com (free version) -
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ) was an Italian romantic opera composer, one of the most important of all time. His work serves as a bridge between the bel canto of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti, and the current of verismo and Puccini. -
Clara Wieck, known as Clara Schumann, was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was one of the great European concert pianists of the 19th century, and her career was instrumental in the dissemination of the compositions of her husband, Robert Schumann. Considered one of the most distinguished pianists of the Romantic era, she exerted her influence in a 61-year concert career, and changed the format and repertoire of the exhibition piano recital from virtuosity to programmes of works -
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Bedřich Smetana was a composer born in Bohemia, a region that was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during his lifetime. He was a pioneer in the development of a musical style that was closely linked to Czech nationalism. For this reason, he is recognised in his country as the father of Czech music. He is internationally known for his opera The Bartered Bride and the cycle of symphonic poems Má vlast (My Homeland), which depict the history, legends and landscapes of the composer's homeland. -
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Johannes Brahms was a German Romantic composer, pianist and conductor, considered the most classical of the Romantic composers. Born into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He remained faithful to conservative Romantic classicism throughout his life, influenced by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn and, in particular, Ludwig van Beethoven and Robert Schumann. -
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was a Russian composer of the Romantic period. He is the author of some of the most famous works of classical music in the repertoire today, including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture, the overture-fantasy Romeo and Juliet, the First Piano Concerto, the Violin Concerto, his Fourth, Fifth and Sixth symphonies, and the operas Eugene Onegin and The Lady in Spades.
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era gay. -
Modest Musorgsky was a Russian composer, member of the group ‘The Five’. His works include the opera Boris Godunov (1872), the symphonic poem A Night on Bald Mountain (1867) and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition (1874). -
Antonín Leopold Dvořák was a post-Romantic composer from Bohemia, then a territory of the Austrian Empire, one of the first Czech composers to achieve worldwide recognition and one of the great composers of the second half of the 19th century. He frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia, following the example of his predecessor, the Romantic-era nationalist Bedřich Smetana. -
Edvard Hagerup Grieg, commonly cited as Edvard Grieg, was a Norwegian composer and pianist, considered one of the leading representatives of late Romanticism. He adapted many themes and songs from the folklore of his country, thus contributing to the creation of a Norwegian national identity, as did Jean Sibelius in Finland or Antonín Dvořák in Bohemia. -
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov Rismki was a Russian composer, conductor and educator who was a member of the group of composers known as The Five. Considered a master of orchestration, his best-known orchestral works - the Spanish Caprice, the Great Russian Easter Overture and the symphonic suite Scheherezade are valued among the major works in the classical music repertoire, as are the suites and excerpts from some of his fifteen operas. -
Hamburg, 3 February 1809-Leipzig, 4 November 1847
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Polish Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin; Żelazowa Wola, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, 1 March 1810-Paris, 17 October 1849
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Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini , better known simply as Giacomo Puccini, was an Italian opera composer, considered among the greatest, of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was a visionary, creating the concepts of music that would govern cinema during the 20th century. For him, the use of modal passages or polytonal devices and tonality or atonality were matters of effect that were defined by the dramatic needs of the work. -
Hugo Filipp Jakob Wolf was an Austrian composer of Slovenian origin who lived in Vienna in the late 19th century. An enthusiastic follower of Richard Wagner, he became embroiled in the disputes in Vienna at the time between Wagnerians and Formalists or Brahmsians. He was a very enthusiastic person, but also a very unbalanced one. -
Gustav Mahler was an Austro-Bohemian composer and conductor whose works are considered, along with those of Richard Strauss, the most important of post-Romanticism. In the first decade of the 20th century, Gustav Mahler was one of the most important orchestra and opera conductors of his time. -
Achille Claude Debussy was a French composer, one of the most influential of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Some authors consider him the first impressionist composer, although he categorically rejected the term. -
Jean Sibelius, registered at birth as Johan Julius Christian Sibelius, was a Finnish composer and violinist of late Romanticism and early Modernism. He is widely acknowledged as his country's greatest composer and, through his music, is often credited with helping Finland develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia. -
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La Côte-Saint-André, 11 December 1803-Paris, 8 March 1869
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Arnold Schoenberg Vienna, was an Austrian composer, music theorist and painter of Jewish origin. Since emigrating to the United States in 1934, he has adopted the name Arnold Schoenberg, and this is how he often appears in English-language publications and around the world. He is recognised as one of the first composers to explore atonal composition, and especially for the creation of the technique of dodecaphonism based on series of twelve notes. -
Joseph Maurice Ravel was a French composer of the 20th century. His work, often linked to impressionism, along with his contemporary Claude Debussy, also displays a bold neo-classical style and, at times, traces of expressionism, and is the fruit of a complex heritage and musical discoveries that revolutionised music for piano and orchestra. -
Manuel de Falla y Matheu was a Spanish composer of musical nationalism, one of the most important composers of the first half of the 20th century, along with Isaac Albéniz, Enrique Granados, Joaquín Turina and Joaquín Rodrigo, and one of the most important Spanish composers of all time. -
Béla Viktor János Bartók , known as Béla Bartók, was a Hungarian musician who excelled as a composer, pianist and researcher of Eastern European folk music. He is considered one of the greatest composers of the 20th century. He was one of the founders of ethnomusicology, based on the relationship between ethnology and musicology. -
Karevo, Pskov, 21 March 1839-St. Petersburg, 28 March 1881
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Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian composer and conductor and one of the most important and far-reaching musicians of the 20th century. His long life allowed him to become acquainted with a wide variety of musical trends. His protests against those who branded him a musician of the future are justified: ‘It's absurd. I don't live in the past or in the future. I am in the present. -
Joaquín Turina Pérez was a Spanish composer and musicologist representing nationalism in the first half of the 20th century. Manuel de Falla, Isaac Albéniz and he composed the most important works of impressionism in Spain. His most important works are Danzas fantásticas and La procesión del Rocío. -
Zoltán Kodály was a prominent Hungarian musician whose musical style first went through a post-romantic-Viennese phase and then evolved into its main characteristic: the mixture of folklore and complex 20th-century harmonies, shared with Béla Bartók. He studied in Galánta, to which he dedicated his famous Dances, and in Nagyszombat. Later, in Budapest, he entered the Franz Liszt Academy of Music, where he studied with Hans von Koessler. -
Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, Confederation of the Rhine, 22 May 1813 - Venice, Kingdom of Italy, 13 February 1883
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2 March 1824-12 May 1884
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Raiding, Austrian Empire, 22 October 1811-Bayreuth, German Empire, 31 July 1886
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Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian conductor and composer. His music was influenced by both Brazilian folk music and European classical music.
He received some musical instruction from his father. Even before 1899, the year of his father's death, Villa-Lobos had begun to dedicate himself to music as a professional. -
Votkinsk, 25 April / 7 May 1840-St. Petersburg, 25 October / 6 November 1893
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Leipzig, 13 September 1819-Frankfurt am Main, 20 May 1896
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George Gershwin was an American musician, composer and pianist. He is popularly known for having achieved a perfect amalgamation of classical music and jazz, which is evident in his prodigious works. -
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8 September 1841-Prague, 1 May 1904
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Bergen, 15 June 1843, 4 September 1907
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Tikhvin, Novgorod Governorate, 6 March / 18 March 1844 to Liubensk, St. Petersburg Governorate, 8 June / 21 June 1908
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Olivier Messiaen Avignon, was a French composer, organist, pedagogue and ornithologist, one of the most outstanding musicians of the century. His fascination with Hinduism, his admiration for nature and birds, his deep Christian faith and his love of instrumental colour were central to his formation as a person and artist. -
Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer was a French composer. He is considered the creator of musique concrète. He is the author of a book entitled Treatise on Musical Objects, in which he sets out his entire theory of this type of music. He composed several works, all of them based on the technique of musique concrète. Among them, his Estudio para locomotoras (Study for locomotives) is worth mentioning. -
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John Milton Cage Jr. artistically John Cage, was an American composer, music theorist, artist and philosopher. A pioneer of aleatoric music, electronic music and the non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. Critics have applauded him as one of the most influential American composers of the 20th century. -
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, August 22, 1862-Paris, March 25, 1918
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Lucca, 22 December 1858 - Brussels, 29 November 1924
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Pierre Henry was a French musician, considered to be the creator, together with Pierre Schaeffer, of the so-called musique concrète and one of the godfathers of electroacoustic music. -
Philip Glass is an American composer of minimalist classical music. He studied at the Juilliard School in New York. His international recognition grew since the appearance of his opera Einstein on the Beach 1975. A prolific composer, he has worked in various fields such as opera, orchestral music, chamber music and film. He works regularly with the Philip Glass Ensemble. He has collaborated with Paul Simon, Linda Ronstadt, Yo-Yo Ma, Doris Lessing and Robert Wilson. -
born Jacob Gershovitz; Brooklyn, 26 September 1898-Beverly Hills, 11 July 1937
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Ciboure, Labort, 7 March 1875-Paris, 28 December 1937
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Nagyszentmiklós, Austro-Hungarian Empire, 25 March 1881-New York, 26 September 1945
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Sevilla, 9 December 1882-Madrid, 14 January 1949
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Cádiz, 23 November 1876-Alta Gracia, Argentina, 14 November 1946
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13 September 1874-Los Angeles, 13 July 1951
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Hämeenlinna, 8 December 1865-Järvenpää, 20 September 1957
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Rio de Janeiro, 5 March 1887-Rio de Janeiro, 17 November 1959
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Kecskemét, Hungary, 16 December 1882-Budapest, 6 March 1967
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Oranienbaum, 17 June 1882-New York, 6 April 1971
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10 December 1908-Clichy, Ile-de-France, 27 April 1992
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Los Angeles, September 5, 1912 - New York, August 12, 1992
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14 August 1910 - 19 August 1995
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Paris, 9 December 1927-ibidem, 5 July 2017
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Baltimore, Maryland, 31 January 1937