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600 BCE
New perspective, the early development of atomic theory in India ( Acharya Kanad ) *Non-European scientist*
Acharya Kanad was born in 600 BC in Prabhas Kshetra in Gujarat, India. Kashyap was on a pilgrimage to Prayag when he was thousands of pilgrims litter the streets with flowers and rice grains, which they offered at the temple. Kashyap began collecting small particles of rice. Kashyap was asked why is he doing that and he said that individual grains can feed the person, this one person can be part of a family and those families form entire humankind. -
600 BCE
One of the first Greek philosophers who maintained atomic theory ( Leucippus ) *Non-European Scientist*
Leucippus was one of the first Greek philosophers to develop the theory of atomism. The idea that everything is composed entirely of various invisible elements called atoms. Leucippus's theories were aground for all of the later developments. Essentially he was a starting point for atomic theory, which then spread to Asia, Africa, Europe, and all other continents. -
460 BCE
Basic atom structure, laughing philosopher (Democritus) *Non-European Scientist*
Democritus was born about 460 BCE in Abdera.The atomists held that there are two fundamentally different kinds of realities composing the natural world, atoms and void. Atoms, from the Greek adjective atomon, ‘indivisible,’ are infinite in number and various in size and shape, and perfectly solid, with no internal gaps.They move about in an infinite void, repelling one another when they collide or combining into clusters by means of tiny hooks and barbs on their surfaces, which become entangled. -
Magnetostriction ( Hantaro Nagaoka ) *Non-European scientist*
Hantaro Nagaoka was a Japanese physicist. Physicists in 1900 had begun to consider new models for the structure of the atom. Nagaoka rejected Thomson's model on the grounds the opposite charges are impenetrable. In 1904, Nagaoka proposed his alternative planetary model of the atom in which the positively charged center is surrounded by a number of revolving electrons which looked like rings. This idea gave a base for Earnest Rutherford's studies. -
Discoveries chemistry and and atomic physics ( Ida Tacke ) *Female scientist*
Ida Tacke made a huge discovery in both chemistry and atomic physics. She managed to find two elements, that Mendeleev predicted would form part of the periodic table. She discovered rhenium and technetium but got credit only for rhenium. Lise Meitner's used Ida Tacke material while discovering nuclear fission. -
Discovery of nuclear fission - atomic nuclei splits in two ( Lise Meitner's ) *Female Scientist*
Lise Meitner was born on November 7, 1878, in Vienna. Meitner wasn't allowed to attend college, due to restrictions in the 19th century. Fortunately, her family could afford private education, which she completed in 1901. In 1923 she discovered the radiationless transition, but her professor took all the credit for this discovery. In 1939 after working with radioactive isotopes. Shortly after Lise and her partner came up with the term fission is when an atom separates and creates energy. -
Nuclear scientist killed by radiation (Louis Slotin) *Canadian scientist*
Louis Slotin was born in Russia at a hard time in the USSR period. Luckily, his family travelled to Winnipeg, Manitoba. This allowed him to join the University of Manitoba. Slotin was specialized in triggering devices. He contributed to the Manhattan Project and was a part of a big group of scientists that worked to achieve their goals. Specifically, developing a nuclear bomb. Slotin was bringing together two hemispheres of plutonium to observe blue glow. His hand slipped, and he died in 9 days. -
One of the most important physicists of the 20th century (Chien-Shiung Wu) *Female scientist*
Chien-Shiung Wu was a Chinese-American experimental physicist, she made significant contributions in the field of nuclear physics. Wu worked on the Manhattan Project, where she helped develop the process of separating uranium-235 and uranium-238 isotopes by gaseous diffusion. -
Quantum mechanics development in 1920's (Satyendra Nath Bose) *Non-European scientist*
Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian mathematician and physicist specializing in theoretical physics. He is well known for his work on quantum theory in the 1920's. He focused on Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of Bost-Einstein condensate. He was awarded the second-highest Indian civilian award the Padma Vibhushan in 1954. His essential contribution was stressing the probability of finding particles in the phase space when each state has a volume of h^3. -
X-ray radiation / DNA structure discovery ( Rosalind Franklin ) *Female Scientist*
Rosalind Franklin was born on July 25, 1920, in the UK. Rosalind was educated in a private school, she impressed her school teachers with outstanding intelligence. In 1947, at age 27, Franklin moved to Paris. She was focused on X-ray diffraction studies, finding a location of atoms. She was using X-ray diffraction to study the atomic structure of coal. After a while, she started studying DNA structure and molecules. She won a lot of prizes for her discoveries, especially for DNA studies. -
Metals Moving Electrons ( Henry Taube ) *Canadian scientist*
Henry Taube was a Canadian chemist, who was awarded in 1983 for Noble Prize in Chemistry for his "mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes". His research was focused on redox reactions, transition metals and the use of isotopically labelled compounds to follow reactions. Several can form ions with different charges while combining them. Electrons can transfer from a metallic atom of one type to another.Taube proved that complexes don't happen through transactions. -
Nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus (Maria Goeppert-Mayer) *Female Scientist*
Maria Goeppert Mayer was born on June 28, 1906, in Germany. Her father was a progressive professor at the University of Gottingen. She passed a collegiate examination without a high school diploma and earned her Ph.D. She developed a mathematical model that matched the structure of nuclear shells. After farther developing her model, she found an interesting pattern - 2,8 ,20, 28, 50, 82, 126.
As you already might know it's nucleon layers -
Swapping Electrons to Drive Chemical Reactions ( Rudolph Arthur Marcus ) *Canadian scientist*
Rudolph A. Marcus was born in Canada, from a young age he wanted to become a chemist. Marcus received a doctorate from Mcgill University in 1946. Marcus studied electron-transfer reactions in the 1950s. After a while, he investigated the role of surrounding solvent molecules in determining the rate of redox reactions like oxidation and reduction, in which reactants exchange electrons between each other. -
Third Law of thermodynamics (William Francis) *Canadian scientist*
Thermodynamics is about heat and its transformation into other possible forms of energy. The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy is a perfect crystal is zero when the absolute temperature is zero. William Giauque was born in Niagara Falls, entered the College of Chemistry. William Giauque used a magnetic field to reach an extremely low temperature and was able to provide evidence for the law's validity. In 1951 he received the Willard Gibbs Medal and Gilbert Newton Lewis Medal. -
Triple-Axis Neutron Spectroscope ( Bertram Neville Brockhouse ) *Canadian scientist*
Bertram Neville Brockhouse was born in Ontario. Brockhouse conducted experiments in the physics of solids as metals and crystals. He was mostly interested in solid-state physics. He used a neutron spectrometer, which allowed him to look at small pieces and structure of crystals and solid objects. The wavelength of the light from a flashlight is about 7,000 Angstroms. The wavelength of the neutron beam would be 1 to 4 Angstroms, he designed the spectrometer that can detect neutron beams.
