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600 BCE
CYNICISM
Cynicism was a philosophical school founded in Greece, The name was attributed to the Cynic philosophers for their ascetic way of life.
They wanted to resemble dogs
(because of its simplicity when it comes to living and the impudence of itself, hence the name of cynics.They used incomprehensible names of ironic words.
All the philosophers were against calling it a philosophical school, because it was against all established rules and laws. -
Period: 500 BCE to 600 BCE
SOPHISTS
The Sophists (from the Greek σοφία [sophia], and σοφός [sophós], "wise") were students and teachers of rhetoric who developed their activity in the democratic Athens of the 5th and 4th century BC. c.
His ethical doctrine consists of relativism, which implies that the truth is relative, since it depends on the personal opinion always changing and circumstantial.
They were considered wise.
Main exponents were: . Protagoras . Georgia . Hippias -
Period: 470 BCE to 339 BCE
SOCRATES
Socrates was born and lived in Athens in the 5th century BC. C. (470-399), the period of greatest splendor of the polis, at that time a cultural and intellectual center where some of the ideas that are today the cornerstones of Western culture were defined.
Socrates Considers that a good human being bravely faces
his mistakes, because it is better to have a clear conscience
than to live by a bad act in unhappiness. -
Period: 428 BCE to 347 BCE
PLATO
Plato is believed to have been born between 428-427 BC. in Athens or Aegina. He died in Athens about 347 BC. Greek philosopher, Plato was a disciple of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle.
Its purpose was for individuals to achieve happiness and this was achieved through areté (which means path to good and excellence). For him ethics was the result of human conduct. -
384 BCE
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher whose writings ranged from ethics, aesthetics, logic, science, metaphysics to politics. He was born in the year 384 B.C. in Stagira, located 55 kilometers from modern Thessaloniki, he was the son of Nicomachus who was personal physician to King Amyntas of Macedonia. -
100 BCE
STOICISM
Stoicism flourished for two centuries in ancient Greece, and around 100 B.C. his popularity reached Rome. One of the best-known thinkers of the time is Seneca, adviser to the infamous Roman Emperor Nero.
As Stoicism is called the philosophical doctrine that practiced the domain of the passions that disturb life using virtue and reason. As such, its object was to achieve happiness and wisdom regardless of comforts, material goods and fortune. -
330
SAINT AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
Saint Augustine of Hippo was the first important philosopher of the Christian era. He was Bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia during the last years of the Roman Empire, and his most famous work,.
His doctrine was that one should act according to God, following religious doctrines.
For Saint Augustine the moral law is synthesized in the famous phrase;
love and do what you want. He also considered that love was a precious stone that, if it is not possessed, is of no use to all other things. -
Jul 3, 1274
TOMMASO D'AQUINO
Saint Thomas Aquinas (in Italian, Tommaso d'Aquino; Roccasecca, Italy, 1224/1225-Fossanova Abbey, March 7, 1274), friar, theologian and Catholic philosopher belonging to the Order of Preachers, is considered the main representative of scholastic teaching and one of the greatest figures in theology -
Period: to
KANTIAN ETHICS
Medieval, theocentric and theological ethics is displaced by modern ethics characterized by its anthropocentrism, that is, the tendency to consider man as the center of all cultural manifestations (politics, art, science, morality, etc.). -
Period: to
SOREN KIERKEGAARD
Søren Kierkegaard is considered the father of one of the most important philosophical currents of our times: existentialism.
His philosophy focuses on the condition of human existence, on the individual and subjectivity, on freedom and responsibility, on despair and anguish, themes that would be taken up by Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre and other twentieth-century philosophers. . -
MARXISM
The origin of Marxism is located in the mid-nineteenth century. However, it gains relevance at the end of the 19th century. Date on which Karl Marx expanded and popularized his ideas through his works. Marxism proposes is to achieve a society
without social classes where everyone lives with dignity sharing
socially produced goods, without private property over the means of production because it assumes that this is the origin and root of the division of society into social classes -
ANARCHISM
Its peak is located in England from 1811 to 1816, later spreading throughout Europe, being from 1817 the precursor of the first labor unions.
It is a philosophy that calls for the opposition and abolition of the State understood as government and by extension of all authority,
imposed on the individual, considering them undesirable,
harmful and unnecessary.
Main exponents:
William Godwin, Mikhail Bakunin -
PRAGMATISM
Pragmatism as a philosophical movement began in the United States in the 1870s. Charles Sanders Peirce (and his Pragmatic Maxim) is credited for its development, along with late 19th-century contributors William James and John Dewey. .
Its basic conception is that only what is true is true.
works, thus focusing on the objective real world. absolute truths, the Rejects the existence of ideas are provisional and subject to change, in the light of future research.