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1485
Henry VII crowned
Henry VII was the first king of the Tudor family, ruling England from 1485 to 1509. He became king after defeating Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth, ending the War of Roses. Henry worked to make the king’s power stronger, control the nobles, and improve the country’s economy. He also married Elizabeth of York, uniting two fighting families and bringing peace. His reign helped his son, Henry VIII, have a strong start as king. -
Period: 1485 to
Tudor Period
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1509
Henry VIII crowned
Henry VIII was the king of England from 1509 to 1547. He is well-known for his six marriages and his role in the English Reformation, when he broke from the Catholic Church. Henry wanted to control the church in England and make sure he had a male heir. He also strengthened the monarchy by taking land and power from the church. Henry made changes in law, the military, and the economy, leaving a lasting impact on England. His reign is remembered for his influence on English history. -
1533
Act in Restraint of Appeals
The Act of Restraint of Appeals was a law passed by King Henry VIII to limit the Pope's power in England. It stopped people from asking the Pope to settle legal or church matters in England, saying that all decisions should be made in England instead. This law helped Henry break away from the Catholic Church so he could marry Anne Boleyn, and it played a big role in the creation of the Church of England. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The Act of Supremacy was a law passed by King Henry VIII that declared him the "Supreme Head" of the Church of England. This law broke England’s ties with the Catholic Church and the Pope, giving Henry full control over religious matters in the country. It made the King the leader of both the government and the church in England, marking the official start of the English Reformation and the creation of the Church of England. -
1536
Ten Articles
The Ten Articles were a list of rules set by King Henry VIII to define the beliefs of the Church of England. They kept some Catholic practices, like the importance of sacraments, but also included some Protestant ideas, such as the belief that the Bible should be more important than the Pope. The articles tried to combine both Catholic and Protestant beliefs, but later, the church adopted more Protestant ideas. -
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
It was a major rebellion in 1536 against Henry VIII’s, especially the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Led by Robert Aske, the rebels protested the destruction of monasteries, high taxes, and Henry’s break from the Catholic Church. They demanded, through the "Pontrefact Articles", the restoration of the monasteries and the Pope’s authority. The rebellion was crushed in 1537 and many leaders, including Aske, were executed. -
1536
Dissolution of the Monasteries
The Dissolution of the Monasteries was a series of actions taken by King Henry VIII in the 1530s that led to the closure and destruction of monastic institutions in England. It began in 1536 with the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries, which targeted smaller religious houses, and was followed by the Act for the Dissolution of the Greater Monasteries in 1539, which affected larger, wealthier monasteries. -
1539
Six Articles
The Six Articles were a set of laws passed by the Parliament to reinforce Catholic beliefs in England after the break with Rome. They supported traditional Catholic practices, such as the belief in transubstantiation and the importance of celibacy for priests. They tried to make the Church of England stronger while keeping many Catholic traditions. The law was strictly enforced, and people who disagreed could be punished. -
1547
Edward VI crowned
Edward VI was the king of England from 1547 to 1553. He became king at just nine years old after the death of his father, Henry VIII. During his short reign, England became more Protestant, and important religious changes were made, such as the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer. Edward's health was weak, and he died at the age of 15. His death led to a struggle for the throne, and his sister, Mary I, eventually became queen. -
1549
Book of common prayer
The Book of Common Prayer of 1549 was an important book for the Church of England. It was in English, instead of Latin, so that everyone could understand and take part in church services. The book was written by Thomas Cranmer, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This made prayer more accessible to ordinary people. The 1549 edition was the first official prayer book in the Church of England but a more radical edition was made in 1552. -
Jun 6, 1549
Book of Common Prayer Rebellion
The 1549 Book of Common Prayer rebellion, also called Kett's Rebellion, was a protest against changes in religion in England. The Book of Common Prayer, introduced during King Edward VI's reign, replaced prayers in Latin with ones in English. Many people, especially in the countryside, didn’t like this. The rebellion started in Norfolk, led by Robert Kett, and was also about land problems and money issues. This showed how divided England was over the religious changes. -
1553
Mary Ist crowned
Mary I was the queen of England from 1553 to 1558. She is best known for trying to bring England back to Catholicism after her father’s break with the Catholic Church. She earned the nickname "Bloody Mary" for her persecution of Protestants during her reign. Despite her efforts, she was unable to restore Catholicism fully. Mary was executed in 1558, and her sister Elizabeth I became queen. -
1553
Fourty two Articles
The Forty-Two Articles were a set of rules written in 1553 during the time of King Edward VI in England. They were written by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer to explain what the Church of England believed. The articles were meant to support the Protestant ideas started by King Henry VIII and continued by Edward VI. Even though the Forty-Two Articles were not fully used, they helped create the Thirty-Nine Articles, which became important for the Church of England. -
1554
Marriage with Philip II
Mary marries Philip II of Spain, wanting to strengthen Catholicism in England. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Restoring Catholicism
Mary begins her campaign to restore Catholicism, including the persecution of Protestants. Over 280 Protestants are executed by burning at the stake, earning her later the nickname "Bloody Mary." -
1558
Elizabeth Ist crowned
Elizabeth I was the queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Known as the "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth never married and ruled alone. Her reign is remembered for the Elizabethan Era, a time of cultural flourishing, exploration. Elizabeth strengthened Protestantism in England and helped establish it as the country's main religion. Her leadership brought stability to England after the disorder of her sister Mary I's reign, making her one of England's most successful and admired monarchs. -
1559
New Book of Common Prayer
The Book of Common Prayer of 1559 was an important religious text introduced during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. It was a revised version of earlier prayer books and aimed to create a standard way of worship in the Church of England. The book was written in English, making church services more accessible to the people. It helped to establish Protestant practices in England and was a key part of the Elizabethan religious settlement. -
May 8, 1559
Act of Uniformity
The Act of Uniformity of 1559 was a law passed by Queen Elizabeth I that made her the leader of the Church of England. It brought back Protestantism after her sister, Mary I, tried to make England Catholic again. The law said that the queen, not the Pope, was the head of the church. It also required all church leaders and important officials to swear an oath of loyalty to Elizabeth. The Act of Supremacy helped strengthen the Protestant Church in England. -
1560
The Treaty of Edinburgh
The Treaty of Edinburgh ends hostilities between England and Scotland, securing Protestantism in Scotland. -
1563
Thirty nine Articles
The Thirty-Nine Articles are a set of religious statements that define the beliefs of the Church of England. They were created in 1563 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I to clarify the church’s stance on various theological issues. They were meant to establish a difference between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, emphasizing key Protestant beliefs while keeping some traditional practices (Liturgy). -
1568
Mary Queen of Scots
Elizabeth faced constant Catholic plots to replace her with her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, who had a stronger Catholic claim to the throne. After being forced from the Scottish throne, Mary fled to England in 1568, where her presence became a significant threat to Elizabeth. Several plots took place against Elizabeth, including the Babington Plot of 1586, which planned to assassinate her and place Mary on the throne. This threat lead to Mary’s execution in 1587. -
1570
Excommunicated by the Pope
In February 1570, Pope Pius V declared that Elizabeth was a heretic and excommunicated her from the Roman Catholic Church. -
1572
Marprelate Tracts
The Marprelate Tracts are published by Puritans, attacking the Church of England’s hierarchy, especially bishops. This leads to tensions with the government and church authorities, who respond with censorship and persecution. -
Period: to
Anglo-Spanish war
Elizabeth supports the Dutch rebels against Spain, beginning the Anglo-Spanish War. -
Deafeat of the Spanish Armada
The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was a major victory for England. King Philip II of Spain sent a fleet to invade, but England’s navy and bad weather scattered the Spanish ships. This victory ended Spain’s naval power and strengthened Elizabeth I’s rule. -
Cultural Rise
In the 1590s, the Elizabethan Age saw a cultural rise, with William Shakespeare and other playwrights like Christopher Marlowe. Theaters, became popular, attracting large crowds to watch plays. This period is known for its rich contributions to drama, literature, and the arts, marking a golden era in England's cultural history. -
Period: to
Nine year's War
The Nine Years’ War takes place in Ireland, with a rebellion against English plantations and rule . The rebellion ends in defeat, leading to the domination of Ireland by England.