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Period: 1509 to 1547
reign of Henry VIII
Created the Church of England by seperating from the Roman Catholic Church. -
Nov 3, 1534
Act of Supremacy
Seperation between the church of England and the Roman Catholic church by King Henry VIII, which made him “Supreme Head of the Church of England”. -
Period: 1536 to 1541
Dissolution of the monasteries
The king defined monasteries as bastions of "popery".
The monasteries were then disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land. -
Period: Oct 1, 1536 to Feb 1, 1537
Pilgrimmage of Grace
Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire against the Protestant reformations in England, it interrupted the dissolution of the monasteries. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
reign of Edward VI
Son of Henry the VIII, he reinforced Protestantism in England. -
Jan 15, 1549
Book of Common Prayer
Revision of the mass-book led to the publication of the Book of Common Prayer. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
reign of Mary I
First Queen of England, she restored Catholicism. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
"bloody mary"
Burning of protestant heretics which forced some to leave the country and fled to the continent.
During her reign Mary I sent over 200 protestant at stake. -
Period: 1558 to
reign of Elizabeth I
Known as the "Virgin Queen" because she was never married, her reign is associated with the idea of a Golden Age for the country. -
1559
Act of Supremacy
Act on the organisation of Church in England: the authority of the Pope was abolished and the Queen gained the authority over the church, becoming “Supreme Governor of the Church of England” -
1559
Act of Uniformity
Act on religious belief: using The Book of Common Prayer was obligatory in every parish and people would be fined if they didn't attend Anglican services. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of Faith
Defines the doctrines of the anglican church. -
Period: 1568 to
Mary Queen of Scots prisoner in England
Threat to Elizabeth I because she was her legitimate heir and was tied to the Catholic Church. -
1569
The northern rebellion
Rebelions against religious reforms, the goal was to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary Queen of Scots but they didn't succed. -
Feb 25, 1570
Papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”
Text from Pope Pius V calling Elizabeth I a heretic and excommunicating her from the Roman Catholic Church. -
1571
The 1571 Treason Act
In reponse to the papal bull, it became treason to say that Elizabeth I was not the true queen of England and Wales. -
1581
The Act of 1581
Forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass.
Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine.
Death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism. -
Babington plot
Decripting of a letter between Mary Stuart and a group a group of young Catholics who wanted to kill Elizabeth I so Mary Stuart could become queen.
After this Mary Stuart is convicted of complicity and sentenced to death. -
Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
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The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Catholic King of Spain supported plots against Elizabeth I.
Elizabeth supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain, as retaliation and to support Protestantism.
Spanish Armada tried to invade England but were defeated. -
East India Company
Founded by royal charter.
Began to build up a small empire of trading posts in India.
Allowed England to control the trade of luxury goods like spices, cotton, silk and tea from India and China, and influenced politics. -
Period: to
reign of James I
Son of Mary Queen of Scotts and first king of both Scotland and England -
The Gunpowder Plot
Conspiracy by Catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill the king -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
First permanent English settlement in North America. -
Period: to
The Starving Time
Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived.
Caused by a shortage of drinkable water, insufficient growing of crops and conflicts with the Native Powhatan Tribe.
Some settlers even turned to cannibalism. -
Great Contract of 1610
Centrepiece of the financial reforms to help against the increasing debt. -
King James' Bible
New English translation of the Bible under James I -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
The Elector Palatine (James I son in law) was invited to take the throne of protestant Bohemia in place of the Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg, so the Emperor sent his army.
The Elector Palatine was supported by German princes, Scandinavia, France, the Dutch Republic and the Emperor by Catholic Spain.
James I intervened to help his daughter and son in law. And because England as a protestant power had to intervene. -
Period: to
reign of Charles I
Favoured the Arminians: minority wing of Anglicans.
Interpreted all criticism as a challenge to his authority. -
Petition of Rights
Made by the members of Parliament to share their complaints with the king and to make him recognise that his power is limited -
Three Resolution
Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent. -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
Also known as “The Eleven Years Tyranny”.
Period when the king ruled without calling a parliament. -
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
Caused by the changes in the Scottish Church by the King.
Scottish opposition came to the boil when Charles I attempted to impose a New Prayer Book. -
The Short Parliament
The king called a parliament because he needed money to fight the Scots. He disolved it three weeks after because the parliament members asked the king to address their grievances first. -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
After the Scots were victorious invading England, Charles I had to call parliament again because he was force to pay the cost of the Scots army. -
The Irish Rebellion
Armed revolt by the Irish against the pprotestant settlers sent from England and Scotland.
Many false rumors were made about Irish atrocities which fuelled the anti-Catholic sentiment in England. -
The Grand Remonstrance
Important document voted by Parliament after heated debates. It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands. -
Charles marche into the House of Commons
The king marched into the House of Commons with his troops and attemped to arrest five members of the Parliament.
Breach of privilege, which showed there could be no peace between King and Parliament.
Fearing for his life, Charles left London for York.
Parliament presented the 19 Propositions to the King.
On 22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on Parliament. -
Period: to
The First Civil War
Opposes the Royalists (on the king's side) and the Parliamentarians (on the Parliament's side).
It cost the lives of 190 000 Englishmen.
In May 1646 the King and the Royalists surrendered and the Parliament won. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
It was series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland.
Ends with the execution of the king on January 30 1649. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
period between two reigns -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
A law abolished monarchy.
The House of Lords was abolished.
The House of Commons had supreme authority.
England was declared a Commonwealth.
Ruled as a Republic. -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
Military dictatorship governed by Cromwell. -
Period: to
reign of Charles II
Son of Charles I. -
The Restoration
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda. In it he promised a general amnesty, to continue religious toleration, to share power with Parliament in return for the restoration of monarchy which worked. -
outbreak of the Plague
about 7 000 death each week -
Great Fire of London
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The Popish Plot
Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II. -
Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. Charles' reaction is then to dissolve the Parliament.
At Charles' death, his brother James II becomes king. -
Period: to
reign of James II
Catholic.
Brother of Charles II -
The Glorious Revolution
Parliament invited the King’s son in law (William of Orange) to invade England and seize the crown.
He landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistance.
James’ army disintegrated, officers deserted.
James II fled to France and William became King William III. -
Period: to
reign of William III
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The Bill of Rights
Lists King James’ misdeeds.
Fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers.
Set out the rights of Parliament.
Set out basic civil rights.
A key political text. -
The Act of Settlement
Settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs.
Successor: Hanoverian descendants of James I.
Key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. -
Period: to
reign of Anne
last Stuart monarch -
Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
Britain gained acadia over the French. -
Period: to
reign of George I
His reign marks the beginning of the Georgian era which lasted until 1830/37 -
the 1715 Jacobite Rising
Jacobites are loyal to the Stuarts.
In 1715, they were led by the “Old Pretender” James Francis Edward Stuart. -
Period: to
reign of George II
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The 1745 Jacobite Rising
They were led by the “Young Pretender” Bonnie Prince Charlie, the grandson of James II.
The jacobites were finally defeated in 1746 at Culloden. -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
Britain gained Florida over the Spanish and (most of) Canada over the French. -
Period: to
American War of Independence
Britain lost a huge part of its empire. -
United States Declaration of Independence
The Thirteen Colonies declared their indepence from the British rule.
Grievances against George III. -
Treaty of Paris
Britain recognized the independence of the United States. -
Irish Rebellion
Uprising against British rule in Ireland influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions.
Led by Presbyterian radicals and Catholics.
The rebels were defeated. -
Acts of Union
It created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. And merged the Parliament of Ireland into the Parliament of the UK.