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Period: Jan 1, 1492 to Dec 31, 1535
First Contact
-Introduced Europeans to the First Nations people and began trade with them.
-New harmful diseases were introduced to First Nations.
-Began land ownership issues and conflicts with First Nations and Europeans. -
Period: to
Beginning of Fur Trade
-First Nations helped French with fur trade by doing physical labour.
-Demand grew in Europe for beaver pelts for clothes and hats, more labour from First Nations was needed.
-France granted 15-year monopoly tto New France for fur trade in their colony so France had power of First Nations. -
Creation of HBC
-First corporation in Canada that used First Nations labour.
-Provided First Nations in Canada with new usable goods and usable technolgies.
-First Nations were trapping furs in Canada and selling them to the HBC in exchange for goods -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
-European countries colonized all First Nations lands in North America.
-Lands went between many countries' hands before being claimed and won by one.
-No First Nations were consulted in this process. -
Period: to
Seigneural System Use
-French used French land farming system on First Nations lands.
-Used strips of land across rivers in Quebec.
-Different way of life than First Nations.
-First Nations had minor conflicts to get the area back into their control.
-French rule kept these systems in place until the 1800s. -
Period: to
Conflicts with Beothuk
-Europeans settled in Newfoundland on indigenous Beothuk land.
-Europeans fished on Beothuk fishing ports, drove them away from there and took away their food supply.
-Killed all Beothuk to get their food suppluy, lead to their destruction in the year 1829. -
Period: to
European Immigration to Canada (settling)
-British and many other immigrants came t o Canada and settled there.
-The First Nations were surprised and this changed their way of life permanently.
-750,000 people immigrated between 1790-1845. -
Destruction of Beothuk People
Last Beothuk person, Shawnadithit dies, erasing the Beothuk and destroying their culture. -
Period: to
Indian Act
-First Nations people were controlled by governements.
-The government banned traditional practices and cultural traditions for some First Nations groups.
-Could give special benefits to Status Indians as defined by the act. -
Opening of Residential Schools
-First Nations youth were forced to be separated from their families and go to school elswhere.
-They had to live, work, and study there for 10 months out of the year.
-Children were harassed and abused. -
Period: to
Run of Residential Schools
-First Nations children had to live, work, and study there for 10 months out of the year.
-Children were harassed and abused.
-Were not allowed to speak indigenous languages, only English.
-100,000 people went through this school system. -
Closing of Residential Schools
-Gave First Nations people freedom and let them back to their reserves.
-Were allowed to stay with family.
