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Jan 1, 1500
1500
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1500
Ottoman Empire takes Christian capital of Constantinople and makes it their capital
The capturing of Constantinople began the military conquests of the Ottoman empire and became one of their most major cities. Instanbul is still called Instanbul to this day. -
Period: 1500 to 1576
Safavid Empire became a center for art and culture J.S
Since Shah Ismail and Shah Tahmasp were poets and painters, a great appreciation of art spread throughout the empire. Furthermore, this appreciation of art led to the creation of the empires second capital, Isfahan, which was a showcase of the empires artistic, cultural, and architectural achievements. The Persians called Isfahan Nisf-e-Jahan, which translates to “Half the World”, Persians were saying that the city is as beautiful as half the world. -
Period: 1500 to 1514
Shah Ismail's Conquest J.S
The rise of this new empire led to borders between Sunni and Shia Islam, which we still see today in modern day Iran. Tensions and conflicts between the two religions can still be seen today. -
1501
Shah Ismail declares Shia Islam the official state religion J.S
The creation of this border led to this same border lasting to today.
Violent tensions and conflicts between the two sects of Islam have increased recently. The two nations are trying to spread their religion to the other neighboring countries, which is causing conflicts. -
1502
Ivan the Great is coronated
This is important because Ivan the Third (AKA Ivan the Great) tripled the territory of Russia.
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Period: 1502 to
Safavid's Feuding with the Ottoman J.S
The Ottoman were stronger than the Safavid Empire and were the main threat to its state. The Ottoman defeated the Sultan Ismāʻil and captured the capital weakening the Empire. -
1514
Safavid Empire begins to use gunpowder in weapons under Shah Ismail J.S
When Shah Ismail first established a corps trained with muskets, the Safavid military was able to compete and prove victorious over their rival, the Ottoman Empire. Gunpowder stayed in this region and was used in the following nations and empires to come in the region. -
1516
Rise of Ottoman empire led by Suleiman the Magnificant
under Suleiman, the Ottomans began to take over large portions of Christian kingdoms. This lead to more Muslim influence as the Ottoman grew. -
1516
Portuguese first establishing trade with Ming China
The Portugese establishing trade with China led China to trade with more Europeans and eventually Americans. This eventually resulted in the overpopulation of later Qing China.
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1520
the beginning of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman began conquering massive amounts land for the sake of the Ottoman empire, helping it to grow to massive scale. -
Period: 1524 to 1576
Shah Tahmasp I Is Leader of Safavid Empire J.S
Being the son of Ismail, held the longest rule over the Safavid Empire and created the backbone for the Empire's success. Reasserted power back into the Shah. -
1526
Establishment of Mughal Empire
Babur, a descendant of Genghis Khan and Timur, and originally from Central Asia, takes Dehli and establishes the Mughal Empire in India.
(Ivan) -
1530
The Shahnameh is rewritten J.S
What was different from this version is that women were actually in the manuscript. The female space was more distuingable from the mens, for example being in different tents or buildings. Prior to this, women were not really mentioned in Safavid history, so this was a great achievement for women. Led to women getting mentioned more in the arts of the empire, and also women being educated in the arts. -
1530
Babur Dies
He tried to establish a strong Mughal political system, featuring religious tolerance, multiple mints and trade control, and local representatives. Power was passed to his son Humayun.
(Ivan) -
Period: 1540 to 1554
Tahmāsp series of campaigns J.S
Added efficiency to the Qizilbash Military and limited Safavid's reach over Georgian communities. -
1541
Ottomans establish rule over Hungary
Hungary became a large part of the Ottoman empire that provided them with valuable resources -
1543
Humayun is exiled
After various failed political and military endeavors, Humayun is exiled by Sher Shah Suri of Bengal. (Ivan) -
1543
Portugese Make First Contact With Spain
Shortly after the Japanese had Western contact, the warlords of Japan, called daimyo, were using military technology based on Western advancements -
Jan 16, 1547
Ivan IV (AKA Ivan the Terrible) proclaims himself Tsar and the Tsardom of Russia is founded
The Tsardom of Russia set the stage for the Russian Empire to eventually start, which added to the rise of socialism, as the Russians were upset with the unfair distribution of wealth and working conditions. The Tsardom of Russia also ended the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
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Jul 23, 1555
Humayun Reclaims the Mughal Empire
After a successful military campaign led by general Bairam Khan, Humayun reclaims the throne of Babur from a declining dynasty without Shahs. (Ivan) -
Feb 25, 1556
Humayun Dies
Humayun, on the 22nd of Febuary, dropped to his knee in reverence on a staircase to the call for prayer. However, he got caught on his own robe, and fell down the stairs, eventually hitting his head on a stone at the base. He died of blunt trauma three days later, succeeded by his son, 13 year old Akbar. (Ivan) -
Feb 26, 1556
Akbar Comes Into Power J.S
Akbar comes into power at age 13 due to the death of his father, Humayun. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire would see increased economic prosperity, partly due to increased interaction with European traders. (Ivan) -
1558
The Livonian War begins
The Livionian war was between the Tsardom of Russia under Ivan the Terrible and the Livonian Confederation (Sweden, Poland, and Denmark). It's important because it was a long war which saw Russia eventually lose and Sweden gains power.
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1565
Ivan the Terrible creates the Oprichnina (AKA agents of death) who were the brutal state police and seized the land of the Russian aristocrats.
This is an important event because it was vital to the creation and the administration of the Russian Tsardom. Ivan IV would not have been able to enforce the rules of the Tsardom and purge the aristocrats without his agents of death.
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1576
Chaos under Tahmasp’s sons J.S
Two sons Haydar and Ismail II shared power over the Safavid Empire but were backed by different groups. Haydar was beheaded by his brother and power was give to Ismail II causing bloodletting of relatives. -
Period: 1578 to
Leadership of Mohammad Khodabanda J.S
After Ismail II death his infant son only a few weeks old was selected to lead the Empire causing the Empire to lose territory to neighboring Empires. -
1582
The Russian conquest of Siberia begins when the Khanate of Sibir was conquered by the Russians.
This is important because it marks the beginning of Russian expansion and Russia's borders today would look different if not for this conquest.
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1582
Unification of Japan/Assassination of Nobunaga and Rise of Hideyoshi
The warlord Nobunaga succeeded in unifying the majority of Japan in 1582, and led briefly until a betrayal by one of his generals. Another general, Hideyoshi, took the reigns of the army and unified the rest of Japan, avenging the death of Nobunaga in the process. (Ivan) -
Period: to
Shah Abbas improves the Safavid economy J.S
With this state monopoly over the silk trade, the Safavid economy got a great source of income. With this, along with the conquest of the Strait of Hormuz, the Safavids were able to keep trade away from the Ottoman Empire. Also, trade opened up with the European powers who greatly desired silks from the Safavids. -
Period: to
Shah Abbas leader of Safavid J.S
16-year-old Abbas I was installed as nominal shah in 1588 and was able to affect a profound transformation of Safavid administration and military, throw back the foreign invaders, and preside over a flourishing of Persian art. -
The Patriarchate of Russia is founded by Boris Godunov (although Feodar, Ivan IV's son, was technically the Tsar)
This is important because it was the creation of an independent Russian church. This later is refined in the Russian Orthodox Church.
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Abbas I Makes Peace With Ottomans J.S
This allows the Monotony and Safavid Empire to share a short period of peace resulting in expansion of the Safavid Empire and spurring development until betrayed by later Ottoman leaders fueling the quarrel between the two empires. -
Japan Invades Korea
Hideyoshi sends 160,000 men to Korea, mostly in order to pull his power closer to China. (ivan) -
Japan invades Korea
Korea suffered some awful losses at the hands of the Japanese. -
China and Japan Negotiate Peace
After multiple dominant naval victories by the Koreans over the Japanese, peace talks begin. (ivan) -
Japan Invades Korea Again
With little support, Hideyoshi attempts to invade Korea again. His plan is not successful. (Ivan) -
Feodor I dies
Feodor the first dies without an heir, which starts the Time of Troubles in Russia. This is important because it is a period of lots of warfare and death, all started by this one event.
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European Aid came to the Safavid Empire J.S
Sir Anthony Shirley and his brother Robert Shirley, who arrived in 1598 as envoys from the Earl of Essex on an unofficial mission to induce Iran into an anti-Ottoman alliance. This helped the military of the Safavid Empire -
Hideyoshi Dies
Hideyoshi dies peacefully on his deathbed at the age of 61. His last words were orders ending the military conquests on the Asian mainland, leading to reforged relations with Korea. (Ivan) -
The Russian famine of 1601 killed 2/3 of the population.
Important because it lead to political unrest and the downfall of Boris Godunov, the Tsar, due to his inability to act.
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Tokugawa Begins
A militaristic regime established by the shoguns, the Tokugawa Shougunate was classified as a non-centralized but well organized empire at its dawn. (Ivan) -
Period: to
Ottoman Safavid War
Safavid Empire reclaimed lost territory from the Ottoman and Uzbeks adding to the economy and making the political power strong. -
Period: to
Ottoman fights with Safavid empire J.S
Ottomans regain control of land taken from them by the Safavid empire -
Akbar Dies
Often considered one of the greatest rulers of the Mughal Empire, Akbar left an astounding legacy. He oversaw great advances in the legal system, great advances in trade, and arguably most importantly, a religious tolerance towards both Hindus and Muslims. Part of the culture that flourished under him is accredited to the Urdu and Hindi languages.(Ivan) -
Korea defeats Japanese invaders
Korea defeated Japan but as a serious cost to their economic development. -
Period: to
Surppressing the Kurdish rebellion
Kurdish stronghold of Dimdim was captured and Shah Abbas ordered a general massacre in Beradost and Mukriyan. Wiped out Kurdish people small pop. left -
Japan Closes Ports to Trade
Japan closes its ports to all Christians, essentially ending contact with the West. (ivan) -
Period: to
Quelling the Georgian uprising
The Safavid empire had a revolt from the Georgian community resulting in a large wipe of the Georgian community from the Shah. -
Period: to
Rise of the Manchu
The rise of the Manchu starting in 1616 with its leader Nurhaci was important because it signified the end of a small local tribe to a force strong enough to end Ming China and start their own goverment.
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British interest in the Middle East begins J.S
The British went on to establish colonies, ports, and trading posts along Arabia, and even took over Egypt. Trade between the Safavid and British empires expanded. -
Acceptance of Christianity in Ming China
The discovery of old christian texts in China led to the acceptance of the formily scary and new religion to the area, Christianity. This would lead to the acceptance of Christianity in later Chinese societies.
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Ming China attacks Korea
Korea gets bullied by every Asian country and it makes them sad. this leads to them not caring when more people attack. -
Succession and legacy of Abbas I J.S
Shah Abbas died and had no son capable of taking the throne. Power began to shift to the new class of Caucasian deportees and imports, many of the hundreds of thousands of ethnic Georgians, Circassians, and Armenians. This new layer of society would continue to play a vital role in Iranian history up to and including the fall of the Qajar dynasty. -
Period: to
Decline of the Safavid Empire J.S
The military weekend allowing for bandits and criminals to control the land of Iran. This further weakened the Empire. -
China attacks Korea again
Korea is bullied once again. Poor Korea. Don't worry Korea, vengence will come soon enough. In the mean time their land is devastated and everything is awful. -
Creation of the Two Banners
This Qing military group were responsible for the defeat of many Ming forces along the great wall and served as a foundation for the Eight Han Banners later created.
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Eight Han banners created
This is important because Han soldiers were a major part of Qing military, at one point being roughly 75% of their military forces.
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Start of the Qing Empire
After a large Manchu rebellion, Ming China was destroyed by the Manchus and rebuilt as Qing China, the next large Chinese empire.
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"Hair-cutting" edict in Qing China
This Qing law that made all men shave the top of their head was the last straw for many Han Chinese men who already didnt like the Qing leadership, which resulted in a masacure with 10,000 deaths of Qing soldiers.
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Jiangnan massacres
A Han Qing Chinese army led by Han defectors broke into the city of Jiangnan which resulted in the massacre of between 70,000 and 100,000 people.
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asasination of Kosem Sultan
one of the most powerful women in the Ottoman empire and her death brought disruption to the empire. -
First journal describing Korean life is published
a dude writes about what it's like to live in Korea. (spoiler it sucks cause everything sucks in Korea) It opens up new ideas and people get interested in Korea -
Thirteen Years' War starts in Russia
This was in the time of troubles in Russia when there was a succession crisis due to the death of Feodor. The war is important because it saw Russia annex Ukraine.
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Period: to
Reign of Emperor Kangxi
The rule of emperor Kangxi lead to many economic, military and cultural accomplishments. Foreign trade was improved and the greatest expansion of Qing China happened during his time.
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Ottoman conquoring of Heraklion
Heraklion, the 4th largest city of Greece proved to be an important city for the Ottoman empire -
Sacred Edict of 1670 created
This edict stated how Confucian and neo-Confucian values should be extolled and taught heavily throughout Chinese society. This importance on Confucian values helped stabilize Qing society for years to come.
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Period: to
Ottomans attack Poland
this small war marks the Ottoman empire reaching it's peak size in Europe -
Period: to
The revolt of the three feudatories
The aftermath of this revolt resulted in Qing China acquiring 3 extensive pieces of important coastal land which was previously separately owned by 3 autonomous rulers.
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Beginning of the reign of Sukjong of Joseon of Choson Korea
Sukjong was an influential leader who brought major political changes -
Peter the Great is coronated as the Tsar of Russia
After years of poverty and failed wars, Peter the Great is crowned as the Tsar of Russia. This is important because under his rule, Russia becomes a great power and undergoes a large military and territorial expansion.
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ottoman battle of viena
the protestants and Catholics teamed up to defeat the Ottomans, permanently halting their westward expansion -
Period: to
Dzungar–Qing Wars
This war ended in Qing victory, giving them a large amount of new land in outer Mongolia, expanding the empire's power.
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Treaty of Nerchinsk
This was an agreement between China and Russia where Russia was officially recognized by China and they make an agreement about their borders.
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China's First Formal Treaty with a European Nation
Treaty of Nerchinsk was China's first formal treaty with a European nation. This resulted in a time of peace between Russia and China for roughly 200 years.
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The Great Northern War begins
The Great Northern War was a war with Russia under the lead of Peter the Great against Sweden, Poland, and Denmark. This war was a large victory for Russia, resulting in a very large territorial increase for them.
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Introduction of American crops into China
The introduction of American crops into Qing China led to a large overpopulation problem as the empire grew from 100 million to 300 million in just a century.
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47 Ronin Incident
A young daimyo was provoked into drawing his sword on the shogun he served, and was condemned to death. The followers of the daimyo, called ronin them avenged his murder per the samurai code, then went straight to the authorities. This event clashed cultural ideas with established law, and in the end, law prevailed. All 47 of the ronin died by committing seppuku. -
Period: to
Decline and Fall of Mughal Empire
After the death of Aurangzeb, great-grandson of Akbar, the leaders of the Mughal Empire were insufficient in maintaining control of the empire. In 1739, Nadir Shah, with the remnants of the Savafid Empire he took, captured the throne of the Mughal sultans. The Mughal Empire survived in name to 1858, when the British passed an act to transfer control of India to the British crown. (ivan) -
Battle of Poltava
The Battle of Poltava was a battle in the Great Northern War which was a major turning point in the war. It's important because it caused Poland to join after a large Russian victory.
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St Petersburg is declared Russia's capital city
St Petersburg becomes the new capital of Russia on their new land they captured. This is important because it becomes a symbol of Russian power.
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The Treaty of Nystad
The Treaty of Nystad was the last treaty of the Great Northern War. It's important because it resulted in Sweden recognizing the territorial gain of Russia (the victors of the war)
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The Russian Empire is created
Peter the Great is declared the first Emperor of Russia. The Tsardom is turned into an Empire after winning the Great Northern War. This is important because it set the stage for the Russian Revolution in 1917.
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Fall of the Safavid Empire J.S
The Russian and Ottoman Empires took advantage of the weakened Safavid Empire and took over territories. Chaos was an obstacle to tax collection and centralization. -
Outlaw of Christianity by Yongzheng
This decree directly opposed laws made by earlier Qing rulers, signifying the shift Yongzheng was making and the start of the Qing's golden age.
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Period: to
Ten Great Campaigns
These 10 campaigns expanded the rule of Qing China to encapsule Xinjiang, a large chunk of inner Asia.
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Period: to
Reign of emperor Qianlong
The reign of emperor Qianlong was a great time for Qing China, as Qianlong followed in the footsteps of emperor Kangxi except after the death of Qianlong Qing China would never reach its former heights and would slowly fall.
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ottoman attack on persia
the last major battle against the Persians the Ottomans took part in and the ottomans lost an estimated 50,000 -
Kumul Khanate incorporated into Qing China
This was important because the Kumul Khanate later helped the Qing defeat a local threat, the Dzungar Khanate.
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Catherine the Great becomes the Empress of Russia
This is important because under Catherine's rule, Russia was expanded and prospered.
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Peter the third is killed
Peter the third is killed in Russia. This is important because his wife, Catherine the Great, takes over and Russia expands under her rule.
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Pugachev's Rebellion begins
This peasant rebellion started after Catherine the Great came to power. It's important because it proved that Russia could not be conquered (for now).
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Yemelyan Pugachev is executed
This is important because it officially marks the end of the rebellion.
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Korean persecution of Christians
Bye bye Christians. Korea is tired of your filthy religion teaching them new things they don't like. Watch them follow in the footsteps of all their Xenophibic older brothers. there are less new ideas and Korea is still sad. Sorry Korea, life sucks. -
Disbandment of the Han Banners
Wanting to replace a majority Han military force with new Manchu Banners, Qing China discharged 30% of their military, significantly shrinking their military forces.
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Start of the White Lotus rebellions
The White Lotus rebellions sparked a change in the Qing Empire, as after this the Qing were weakened and started to slowly fall.
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2000