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Arnold Schoenberg
Austrian-born composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter. He is widely considered one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. With the rise of the Nazi Party, Schoenberg's works were labeled degenerate music, because they were modernist and atonal. -
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Charles Ives
American modernist composer, one of the first American composers of international renown. His music was largely ignored during his early life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years -
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Maurice Ravel
French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term; his musical craftsmanship and perfection of form and style in such works as Boléro (1928), Pavane pour une infante défunte (1899; Pavane for a Dead Princess), Rapsodie espagnole (1907), the ballet Daphnis et Chloé (first performed 1912), and the opera L’Enfant et les sortilèges (1925; The Child and the Enchantments). -
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Bela Bartok
Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century;Hungarian flavour of his major musical works, which include orchestral works, string quartets, piano solos, several stage works, a cantata, and a number of settings of folk songs for voice and piano. -
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Igor Stravinsky
Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century; had a revolutionary impact on musical thought and sensibility just before and after World War I, and whose compositions remained a touchstone of modernism for much of his long working life. -
Ragtime
A genre that uses a specific type of syncopation in which melodic accents occur between metrical beats. Particularly popular with pianists before World War I, it is also the underlying stylistic form for most Dixieland jazz. -
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Sergei Prokotiev
20th-century Russian composer who wrote in a wide range of musical genres, including symphonies, concerti, and operas.;He composed several, including The Gambler and The Fiery Angel. But his most successful was the satirical 'The Love for Three Oranges'. -
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George Gershwin
Gerschwin was jazz-age prophet whose Rhapsody in Blue (1924) destabilised aesthetic categories and gave listeners a taste of things to come, and whose controversial 1935 opera Porgy & Bess came to define an epoch;American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres. -
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Duke Ellington
Ellington was the most prolific composer of the century. A spectacular innovator, he wrote music for all kinds of settings, from the ballroom to the nightclub; the comedy stage to the movie house; the concert hall to the cathedral;American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades. -
Dixieland
Dixieland music or New Orleans jazz, sometimes referred to as hot jazz or early jazz, is a style of jazz music which developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century -
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Aaron Copland
American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as "the Dean of American Composers".;first American student of Nadia Boulanger in Paris in the 1920s, where he finished his Organ Symphony and Music for the Theater. -
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Dmitri Shostakovich
Russian composer, renowned particularly for his 15 symphonies, numerous chamber works, and concerti, many of them written under the pressures of government-imposed standards of Soviet art; -
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John Cage
American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde; inventive compositions and unorthodox ideas profoundly influenced mid-20th-century music. -
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John Cage
American composer, music theorist, artist, and philosopher. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde; inventive compositions and unorthodox ideas profoundly influenced mid-20th-century music. -
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Benjamin Britten
English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces; operas were considered the finest English operas since those of Henry Purcell in the 17th century -
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Benjamin Britten
English composer, conductor, and pianist. He was a central figure of 20th-century British music, with a range of works including opera, other vocal music, orchestral and chamber pieces; operas were considered the finest English operas since those of Henry Purcell in the 17th century -
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Leonard Bernstein
American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the U.S. to receive worldwide acclaim;. He was one of the first American-born conductors to lead world-class orchestras. He composed the score for the musical West Side Story. -
British Dance Band
genre of popular jazz and dance music that developed in British dance halls and hotel ballrooms during the 1920s and 1930s. -
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Roaring 20's
Early jazz influences found their first mainstream expression in the music used by marching bands and dance bands of the day, which was the main form of popular concert music in the early twentieth century. The Roaring Twenties was a decade of economic growth and widespread prosperity, driven by recovery from wartime devastation and deferred spending, a boom in construction, and the rapid growth of consumer goods -
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Pierre Boulez
French composer, conductor, writer and founder of several musical institutions. He was one of the dominant figures of the post-war classical music world.; most significant French composer of his generation, as well as a noted conductor and music theorist who championed the work of 20th-century composers. -
Soul is Born
In the mainstream it moved from the bland and unchallenging "sweet" sound of Guy Lombardo and the Jazz Age dance bands to the more rhythmically involved and aggressive horn arrangements of the bandleaders of the Swing Era such as Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey and many others. -
Swing
Big Band arrangements always swung;Pioneered by Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Benny Goodman. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression began with the stock market crash of 1929 and was made worse by the 1930s Dust Bowl. President Franklin D. Roosevelt responded to the economic calamity with programs known as the New Deal. -
National Anthem
The Star Spangled Banner is adopted as the national anthem -
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Wold War II
" U.S. declares its neutrality in European conflict F.
Roosevelt's third inauguration . He is the first and only president
elected to a third term. Japan attacks Hawaii, Guam, and the Philippines U.S. declares war on Japan.Germany and Italy declare war on the
United States; U.S. reciprocates by declaring war on both countries" -
WWII and Music
Artists like Rosemary Clooney, Count Basie, and Artie Shaw helped to define the musical era with their unique brand of entertaining crowds through their music. This was also the era of World War II, and many musical acts strived to reflect the pain that the country was going through. -
Bepop
bop is a style of jazz characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation based on a combination of harmonic structure and occasional references to the melody. -
Afro-Cuban jazz
It mixes Afro-Cuban clave-based rhythms with jazz harmonies and techniques of improvisation. -
British Bands
The British Invasion was a movement during the mid-1960s in which several bands in the UK were creating a buzz in the United States. The Rolling Stones, The Who, The Animals, and The Beatles were some of the prominent bands that defined this movement. -
Martin Luther King Jr.'s Assassination
"Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated in Memphis, Tenn. Sen. Robert
F. Kennedy is assassinated in Los Angeles, Calif. " -
Jazz Fusion
Combines elements of jazz and rock. Characterized by electronic instruments, riffs, and extended solos. -
11-Sep
On September 11, 2001, nineteen terrorists who were members of al-Qaeda, an Islamist extremist network, hijacked four commercial airplanes. In a coordinated attack, the hijackers intentionally flew two of the planes into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, and a third into the Pentagon