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Period: to
Schoenberg
Austrian-born composer; expressionist; started out very tonal and progressed to atonality by 1910; leader of the second Viennese School -
Period: to
Stravinsky
Russian composer; Neoclassical, rhythmic complexity, and sharp dissonance -
Period: to
Kodaly
Hungarian composer who invented a method later named after him -
Period: to
Malipiero
Italian composer, musicologist, and teacher -
Period: to
Varese
French-born composer, coined the term "organized sound" -
Period: to
Villa-Lobos
Brazilian composer; single most significant figure in 20th century Brazilian art music -
Period: to
Toch
Austrian composer; wrote classical and film music -
Period: to
Durey
One of Les Six; wrote music for both sides in WWII and used Vietnamese themes in music protesting war -
Period: to
Martin
Swiss composer; heavily inspired by Christianity -
Period: to
Prokofiev
Russian composer; created acclaimed masterpieces across multiple genres -
Period: to
Honegger
One of Les Six; considered himself Swiss; composed many works in many genres -
Period: to
Milhaud
One of Les Six; studied Debussy and immediately rejected impressionism; encouraged Tailleferre to keep composing; jazz and traveling to Brazil both influenced his music in different ways -
Period: to
Tailleferre
One of Les Six; struggled with stage fright but accompanied countless musicians on piano throughout her life -
Period: to
Hindemith
German composer and violinist; advocate for Neue Sachlichkeit musical style in 1920's -
Period: to
Still
American composer; 1st African American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by a major ensemble; part of Harlem Renaissance -
Period: to
Sessions
American composer; studied at Harvard at 14 years old -
Period: to
Thomson
American composer; played a major role in the development of American classical music -
Period: to
Gershwin
American composer; composed music in both classical and popular genres; wrote musicals and film scores -
Period: to
Auric
One of Les Six; French-born composer; studied with Satie's teachers; neo-classicist; ran SACEM -
Period: to
Poulenc
One of Les Six; born into rich family in Paris; self-taught but had mentors -
Period: to
Ellington
American composer; major band leader in swing era and later in big band era; most famous for jazz -
Period: to
Copland
American composer; mostly tonal; taught at Harvard; vigorous musical style with mixed meters and many open intervals -
Period: to
Armstrong
American composer, actor, singer, and trumpet extraordinaire; one of the most influential jazz musicians of all time -
Period: to
Shostakovich
Russian composer; unique harmonic language; worked for many years under Stalin -
Period: to
Barber
American composer; saw tremendous success at a very early age -
Period: to
Schuman
American composer; composed 8 symphonies; won inaugural Pulitzer Prize -
Period: to
Menotti
Italian-American composer and librettist; won the Pulitzer Prize twice for The Consul -
Period: to
Cage
American composer; pioneer of indeterminacy in music and non-standard use of instruments -
Period: to
Stylistic Traits
Dissonant chords
Polychords
Tone clusters
12 tone system
Melodic freedom
Predictable cadences -
Period: to
Genres
Maximalism, Minimalism, Impressionism, Expressionism, Serialism, Primitivism, Jazz, and Electronic -
Period: to
World War II
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Cassette Tape Invented
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Walkman Invented
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Fall of Berlin Wall