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Henry VIII asked the Pope for a divorce -
Pope has refused for a divorce, not accepted in Catholic -
Henry VIII established the soverignty of England -
Henry is made head of the church in England -
King of England in 1509-1547, heir of Henry VII, the one who had breaking with Rome and created a new church of England
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1536:
- Act to dissolve the monasteries: causes (Accusatuins of corruption, money)
- Pilgrimage of Grace: Religious and secular motives for the rebellion
- Ten Articles: a compormise between Catholic doctrine and new Protestant ideas
1537:
- Translation of the Bible in English
1539:
- Realization of the Great Bible
- Six articles -
Edward VI was protestant, Young king at nine years old, but also dead really young at fifteen year old.
He created many reforms of protestantism -
- 1549: Book of Common Prayer
- 1552: New, more radical edition of the Book of Common Prayer
- 1549; 1552: Acts of Uniformity
- 1552-3: Forty-Two Articles of Faith
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Mary took the decision to return in Catholicism
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Also named "Bloody Mary", she executed more of 280 protestants, Daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Catholic (she hated Protestants)
1554: she married Philip, Prince of Spain, -
Elizabeth I was Protestant and she hated Protestant -
Daughter of Anne Boleyn, she was protestant,
Her aims:
- Restoring religious unity and political stability to England.
- Making England a great power in Europe and the world. -
Elizabeth I was made Supreme head of the church of England -
doctrine of the Church of England and new Prayer book
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Forced the Clergy to assent to the 39 articles
it was a crompromise between different religious factions and Elizabeth -
1585: Elizabeth did an alliance with Henry IV (France) and Netherlands against Spain and its French allies
1588: defeat of the Spanish Armada (130 ships and 19000 soldiers)
this defeat reveals English identity
1604: peace treaty between England and Spain -
Conflict between Presbyterians and Army Republicans
Cromwell tried to revolve but he failed
1653: Cromwell dissolved Parliament became “Lord Protector"
he also passed England from Republic to Protectorate. -
also James VI was a theorist of absolute monarchy,
he did King James Bible in 1611, the policy of religious toleration and was balancing the Arminian Puritan factions in the CoE -
They were opposed of Catholic
The crown autorized Catholics but popular were anti-catholicism -
- 1610-21: James VI I rules without Parliament
- 1629-40: Charles I rules without Parliament and he wrote his book "Eleven Years of Tyranny".
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He sought to govern without Parliament
He favoured Arminianism + was seen as too close to Catholicism
He opposed the Presbyteriansim of the Kirk
Exectued in 1649 -
it's a document which permit to get some specific individual protections against the state -
it's kind of war between Charles I Parliament, Charles wanted the power for himself in believing in God while Parliament wanted to limit his power.
Moreover, Charles needed money for wars but Parliament refused.
Thus, he created taxes and control the Church of England
And in 1642, a civil war started between Cavaliers (supporters of the king) and Roundheads (supporters of Parliament -
Charles I want to extend Arminianism Political obedience but old english elite, Irish Gaelic and Prebyterian disagreed with this idea.
In 1641, rebellion did and there were massacred of English Protestants.
Longer term, they lost of economic and political power and they're created Religious tension -
New Model Army takeover parliament in removing people which were not agree with Cromwell
5 December: Parliament decides to settle with Charles
Jan. 1649: Charles refused to plead, he's executed on Jan. 30
6-7 Feb. 1649: Cromwell did abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords -
- Alliance against the Commonwealth, Cromwell sent 120000 troops at Wexford drogheda
- change in economic and politcal power
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- Support for the Stuarts
- Resistance to Commonwealth
- Military occupation of Scotland
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Richard Cromwell became Lord protector in 1658
1660:
- George Monk marched on England
- Charles II invited to take the crown