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Period: 1543 to
The Scientific Revolution
Took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.
Became an autonomous discipline distinct from philosophy and technology.
The Scientific Revolution began in astronomy by Nicolaus Copernicus.
During the 16th century the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe reject the Ptolemaic and Copernican system, he was responsible for major changes in the observation about the planets
At the beginning of the 17th century Johannes Kepler a German astronomer, placed the Copernican hypothesis on the firm astronomical -
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The Enlightenment
Was an European intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries were God, reason, nature and humanity were synthesized into a worldview.
The Romans adopted and preserve the Greek culture, including the ideas of national order and natural law. Humanism bred the experimental science of Francis Bacon, Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo, and the mathematical investigations of René Descartes, Gottfried and others. -
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Enlightened Despotism
Form of government in the 18th century which absolute monarchs pursued the legal, social and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.
The enlightened despots were: Catherine ll (the grate), Frederick ll (the great), Joseph ll, Peter l (the great), Leopoldo ll and Maria Theresa.
They instituted administrative reform, economic development and others, they didn’t propose reforms that would undermine their sovereignty. -
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The US Independence
The U.S history document which was approved by the Continental Progress on July 4 in 1776, also announced the the separation of 13 North American British colonies from Great Britain.
The congress declare to the American colonies free and independent state. They formed the committee: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson , Roger Sherman and Robert R. Livingston. -
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The French Revolution
Also called Revolution of 1789, was a movement that shook in France between 1787 and 1799. The French Revolution had the most violent and the most universally significant of these revolutions.
The first of the general causes was the social structure of the West, the increasingly numerous and prosperous elite of wealthy commoner-merchants, manufacturers, and professionals, often called the bourgeoisie.