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Timeline
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1. Peace of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht ended with The War of Spanish Succession. It was a set of treaties where Spain ceded territory to Austria, Great Britain and Savoy in order to make the Philip successor to Carlos II.
These treaties gave Felipe V the throne by making him renounce to his throne in France, starting the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. It also gave Great Britain Gibraltar and Menorca, and to The Archduke Charles most of Spanish territories in Europe. -
2. The Spirit of the laws publishing
It was a political treatise which was written by Montesquieu.
In it, Montesquieu was in favor of a constitutional system of government and the separation of powers, the ending of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the law. He also wrote in it about the idea that political institutions should reflect the social and geographical aspects of each community. -
3. Watt patented the Steam engine
James Watt patented the Steam engine and it was the most important invention of the Industrial Revolution. These machine produced a continuous flow of air, able to turn a wheel todo the work and without the need of a break to rest. -
4. U.S. Constitution publishing
The Constitution of the United States was published in September 19, 2020, and signed two days before in Philadelphia.
It established America's national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens.
The goal of this constitution was to avoid the return to absolute rulers by separating the power in three: legislative, judicial and executive powers. They all control each other and have an important role in the state. -
5. Storming of the Bastille.
On July 14, 1789, people in Paris where alarmed by the presence of royal troops in the streets, so they went out to the state prison on the east side of the city, known as the Bastille, and attacked aggressively the fortress, which was a symbol of royal authority. They weren't there to free the prisoners, they had come to demand the huge ammunition stores inside the prison walls. -
6. Flight to Varennes
The royal Flight to Varennes took place during the night of 20–21 June 1791 and was an important episode in the French Revolution in which King Louis XVI of France, his queen and their immediate family unsuccessfully tried to escape from Paris in order to initiate a revolution with the help of other European absolute monarchs. -
7. Execution of Louis XVI
After being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers to return the monarchy in France instead of living in a constitutional monarchy, he was sentenced to death by the French National Convention. Finally, Louis XVI was executed by guillotine in Paris and ended with the French monarchy. His death was important because he had failed to address France's financial problems, instigating the French Revolution that eventually descended upon him. -
8. Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo in June 18, 1815, took place in Waterloo, was an important battle between Napoleon and the British and Prussian army. It happened after he escaped from his exile and resumed power, calling that period the Hundred Day. In this battle he was definitely defeated and banished to Saint Helena without return, so his reign ended as well as France's domination in Europe. -
9. Stockton and Darlington railway opening.
The Stockton and Darlington railway opened in September 17, 1825, and it's purpose was to transport coal from the South West Durham collieries around Shildon, West Auckland and Witton Park, to the River Tees at Stockton, for shipment to the south of England. Then, The Stockton and Darlington Railway turned into the first passenger railway to use steam trains to transport passengers. -
10. The invention of Telegraph by Samuel Morse.
The invention of the telegraph made the world a lot smaller. It helped to send information across the country faster than any other way. The government also used the invention for military purposes too. The government used this to send information and secret messages to other cities such as the capital during wars. Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication.
