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LinkThe document that King John of England was forced to sign on June 15th,1215 was called the Magna Carta. It was created so that it would lessin the king's powers. It also gave the approval for a strong parliament. The Magna Carta was a collection of old and new rights that they had used.The influence that the Magna Carta had, can be seen in the Constitution where it has the core for the citizens rights.
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LinkThe Mayflower Compact was the first document of the Plymouth Colony which was drafted by the pilgrims. These pilgrims crossed over on the boat known as the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact was signed to establish a government so that they were free of the English laws.
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LinkThe Formation of the New England Confederatin was also known as the United Colonies of New England and consisted of Plymoth, Massachusetts, New Haven and Connecticut. Its purpose was to bring the colonies together against the Native Americans.They also feared the Dutch. It included a trading solution, and religious and boundary problems.
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LinkThis was a document by King George III. This document claimed the British ownership of North America. This was written after the French and Indian War. It prevented the colonial expansion west of the Appilachian Mountains. The colonists felt that this was a bad thing because they were the ones who had fought for the land and now, they wouldn't let them settle on it.
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LinkThis war was fought between the colonies of America, under British rule and France. France's expansion angered the British Colonies. The colonie that it most upset was Virginia. The general of the colonies was George Washington. France quickly defeated the British colonies.
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LinkThe Albany PLan of Union was created by Benjamin Flanklin in Albany, New York in 1754. It was an attempt of bringing the colonies under one government during the French and Indian War. They created this because the colonies were very upset with eachother and they needed to come up with a solution. This union stated that each colony would elect delegates to an assembly which was looked over by a govenor.
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LinkThis treaty officialy ended the French and Indian War. The British got control of what they wanted, which was land west of the colonies and east of the Mississippi River. Spain controled everything west of the Mississippi River.
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LinkThis was a fixed version of the Molasses Acct from 1733. This required them to pay a certain amount of money for the sugar that they will buy. The tax previously was never collected, so they changed it to half the tax from before. This was in hopes that now it would be collected.
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LinkThis law placed a tax on all papered goods such as newspaper, legal papers, and playing cards. All of these played a major role in the colonists lives and because of this, they began to boycott British goods. They met at the Stamp Act congress to discuss other options and Parliament stoped the stamp act.
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LinkThis was a meeting that went through the 7th of October in 1765 to the 25th. This was the first meeting held in New York City by the Stamp Act Congress. The Stamp Act Congress were represenatives chosen to represent each colony. They had the meeting to discuss the new law, which was the Stamp Act. Fortunatly, they all disagreed with this law that was created. This gave them the ability to do something about it.
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LinkThese acts put tax on all goods that were imported to the colonies. These goods included lead, paint, glass, and tea.
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LinkThe colonists were mad about the Townshend acts that were forced upon them. In reaction to these taxes, the colonists kept boycotting. They were doing this for so long that the British didn't pay any attention to them anymore. To get the British attention, they started throughing snowballs at the guards. The guards called for re enforcements. By "accident", a rifle goes off and five colonists died. Sam Adams named the event the Boston Massacre to spread the word of British violence.
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LinkParliament passed a law that refused colonies from drinking any tea except from the East India Companys. They brought in Dutch tea secretly even though British tea was still cheaper. Sons of Liberty dressed up and dumped 15,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor. This is how the name was created. This event lead to the Intolerable Acts where one of the thinngs they did was closed the Boston Harbor until all money lost from the tea was paid back.
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LinkThe colonial delegates met in Philadelphia, PA to create a way to respond to the Intolerable Acts. The Intolerable Acts were created after the Boston Tea Party. They all agreed to continue to boycott British goods. They also discussed independence. They scheduled another meeting for March of 1775 to discuss the next steps necessary.
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LinkPatrick Henry is known because he said "Give me liberty or give me death." This quote was said to help the problem of bringing Virginia troops to the Revolutionary War. Thomas Jefferson and George Washington responded, by repeating what Patrick Henry said first.
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LinkOn the night of April 18th in 1775, Paul Revere was instructed to ride to Lexington to give Samuel Adams and John Hancock a message. This message stated that the British were coming to arrest them. On his ride to tell them, he stopped at everyones houses to tell them "The regulars are coming."
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LinkThe British were aiming to capture Samuel Adams and John Hancock at Lexington. The message got out the night before and they were notified. They got together an army called the Minutemen. The next morning, the Minutemen were ready to fight them on Lexington green. This then went onto Concord where the British were trying to get gun powder, but caused another battle.
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LinkShortly after the battles of Lexington and Concord, Benedict Arnold proposed the idea of taking over Fort Ticonderoga to the MA Comittee of Safety. The comittee accepted the idea and told him to get 400 men. He learned after that Ethan Allen was already on route to take it over. He quickly went to take it over when Arnold and Ethan Allen agreeded to take it over. This happened on May 10th of 1775.
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LinkThe Second Continental Congress also met in Philadelphia, PA on May 10th of 1775. They met to decide what their next steps were going to be. They decided that they were going to completely break away from Great Britian.
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LinkThe Americans heard the news that the British wanted to gain control over peninsula between the charles river and the mystic river. The best spot for the Americans to get an advantage over Britain was on Breed's Hill. The British charged at them, expecting them to back down, but they did not. The British ended up winning because they gained control of the hill, but the Americans now knew that they could stand up to the British in a fight.
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Link"Common Sense" is a pamphlet that was written by Thomas Paine. It was first published annonymously because it refered to all of the problems that were "trying mens souls."
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LinkThe British forces were forced to evacuate Boston thanks to General George Washington. Who successfuly placed barriers and cannons on Dorchester Heights.
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LinkThe Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4th after cogress voted on July 2nd. July 4th is now our Indpendence day. This document is significant because it states our freedom from Great Britain.
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Link"The Crisis" was also another pamphlet that was written by Thomas Paine describes the beginnings of the Revolutions and his own life. This pamphlet was read to the troops at Valley Forge upon George Washington's request.
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LinkWashington crossed the Deleware river on route to capturing Trenton, New Jersey. This was a short battle against the Hessians, where nearly all of them were captured.
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LinkThere were two battles at Saratoga, but the last one was on Ocotber 7th of 1777. In this battle, the British were defeated. This battle was between Gate's American army and Burgoyne's British army. 86 percent of Britians army was captured, so the British were forced to surrender without a real fight.
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LinkValley Forge, PA was the place where George Washington kept his troops for the remainder of the winter. No battle was fought her, except the struggle to stay alive.
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LinkJohn Paul Jones was a naval fighter during the Revolutionary war. The battle in which John Paul Jones defeats the Serapis, is one of the most famous naval battles from the time period.Many pictures from this battle, show the Serapis up in flames.
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LinkBenedict Arnold was a general in the Revolutionary war and helped at the conquer of Fort Ticonderoga. His plan got out that he was going to surrender the fort at West Point to the British and go to their side. He was then given a position as a general for the British army.
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LinkThis was an agreement within the 13 states that made up the United States of America serving as its first Constitution. This created a weak government and was later replaced by the Constitution which provided a much stronger government than before.
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LinkGeneral Cornwallis surrenders on Ocotber 19th on 1781 because he was inable to recieve any supplies. With him also not being able to recieve supplies, he got surrounded so that he couldn't get out of the bay.
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The Newbugh Conspiracy was an uneasy time in 1783 where soldiers became afraid that they wouldn't get their pay. This was caused because some did not get their pay from previous years. George Washington stopped all of them from thinking this and in turn he gave all of them five years of full pay.
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LinkThe three people who helped this become possible was Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams.This was signed to end the war between Great Britain and The United States and their allies. The war that it ended was the American Revolutionary War. It stated that the American states were now an independent nation.
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LinkSpain wanted more land so in hopes of this, they closed the Mississippi River to stop the farmers from transporting goods so that they would join Spanish North America. The farmers were transporting up the river because it was quicker,easier and cheaper than doing it by land.
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LinkThe Land Ordinance of 1785 was a law that passed that allowed sales of land in the Northwest Territory. The land that was sold was in square mile sections. This held the land policy for the United States until 1862 when the Homestead Act. The minimum price for an acre was one dollar.
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LinkThe religious freedom ordinance was written by Thomas Jefferson. It protected peoples freedoms of rights and to believe in anything they want when it comes down to religion.
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LinkThis took place in Western Massachusetts. It was lead by Daniel Shays' who was a former Revolutionary War captain who was now a farmer. Because of a new law in MA, the farmers had to pay their taxes in golf and silver. If the farmers failed to do so, the state took their farms away. In return, the famers took over the armory in Springfield MA and threatened the state courts. The MA state then called out to end the rebellion.
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LinkThe Annapolis Convention in Maryland consisted of 12 delegates.Alexander drafted a resoultion for the weak articles of confederation. He wanted to have a constitution convention which happened in September of 1786
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LinkThe Northwest Ordinance of 1787 what the congress of confederation passed which esentially made Ohio,Indiana,Michigan,Wisconsin, and Illinois. The area was previously not allowed to be developed on. This was the first organized territory.
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LinkThey had a meeting in a Independence hall and came up with this agreement called the Great Compromise. Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth were the composers of this document. It said that the House of Represenatives would be proportional to the amount of their population meanwhile, each state would have the same number of senators.
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LinkIn Pensylvania, delegates met in a state house. The first thing that they did was elect George Washington president and then they created the rules. Three plans were created named the New Jersey Plan, the Virginia Plan, and the Hamilton Plan. Each plan had different ideas to fix the main problem of a weak centeral government and other small ones. There, they created the Constituton.
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LinkDelaware ratified the Constitution on December 7th of 1787. Delaware was the first state to ratify this new Constitution. They did this because they liked the idea of the same amout of people as everyone else in the Senate. The reason for this was because they were such a small state.
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LinkMassachusetts was the sixth state to ratify the Constitution. Massachuesetts ratified because they had confidence that the amendments that were created would work to help run out country. The vote was 187:168 where the people who wanted the Constitution won.
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LinkThese papers are a series of 85 articles talking about why the ratification of the Constitution. In these articles they named every reason imaginable for the ratification. These were published in books and in newspapers.
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LinkNew Hampshire was the 9th to ratify on June 21st 1788. They followed South Carolina who ratified a little under a month earlier.Along with ratifying the Constitution, they sent over ideas. These ideas were little changes that improved the Constitution dramatically.
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LinkThe ratification of the constitution means that the accept the draft of it. When it was sent to state, that means they would either accept it or deny it. The new Constitution that was sent out ensured a much stronger government and it had a president and courts.
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LinkCongress met for the first time on March 4th in 1789 in New York City. They met at the federal hall. The discussed important questions that were left unanswered. They set up rules and other things pertaining to the House and Senate.
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LinkGeorge Washington was the first ever president of the United States. He was elected on April 30th of 1789. He was one of the Founding Fathers and served in the army. He served two terms in office. During his time, he held up a strong government.
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LinkThese papers were written by people who wanted to show their opinion on the matter. The matter was should there be a Constitution or not. Thier thought was no.
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LinkThe United States created 10 amendments to add to the new Constitution called the Bill of Rights. They give citizens rights, liberties such as any opinion they want, any religion they wish and a freedom of speech. They always stick to the citizens and can never be taken away.
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LinkThese rights and liberities for the citizens are put into 10 amendements. These amendments are called the Bill of Rights. These are a part of the laws for the United States.
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LinkThe Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions was said to be written on December 24th in 1789 and into 1799. They were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The resolutions brought up the arguement that if the government had no power, it was given to an individual state or the people.
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LinkThe Hartford Convention was said to meet on December 15th of 1814, marking the first meeting. This was a meeting between New England federalists. In this meeting, they discussed mainly the war with England and the problems that they faced.
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LinkThis was an agreement passed between the now free states and the slave states. This said in 1820, slavery was only allowed below the 36 30 parallel line and not above it, execept for Missouri.
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LinkThe goal of this tariff was to tax imported goods that were coming in from the Europe to the North. They were doing this because the items that were being imported were much cheaper. This was trying to protect the Norths economy. This ended in a disaster because it was forcing businesses shut down. It also forced Southerners to pay more on items that they could not produce.
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LinkDue to the "Tariff of Abominations" the economy in the North was rapildly increasing, but it was not in the South. They fought saying that this tariff was "unconstiutional" and it should be prohibited in the South seeing that it was forcing them to pay more.
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LinkThis act was passed by the Parliament in England officialy announcing that there would no longer be any slavery. This meant that no one could own anyone else and no one could be owned. In return, the government paid the slave owners the money that they lost when the slaves were set free.
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LinkTheir Declaration of Independence was written at the Convention of 1836 and was signed the day after. They prepared it so quickly because San Antonio was being held captive by Mexican forces.
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LinkJames Polk was elected the 11th President of the United States on November 5th of 1844. Polk ran for president as a Democrat. In his four years as president, he gained new land from Mexico after the Mexican War.
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Link Before the war started, President Polk tried to gain the land of Northern Mexico by giving them millions of dollars. Polk wanted this land badly, so he sent General Taylor and his troops to an area where Mexico and the US had claimed.The Mexican War officialy began on April 25th between Mexico and America in 1846. Once the war was over two years later, the US had won the land that they hoped for.
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LinkThe Wilmott Proviso was created by an avoid abolitionist named David Wilmot. The Wilmot Proviso said that slavery should be banned in the new territories that were gained from the Mexican War. This passed through the House of Representatives, but never became a law.
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LinkCalifornia became the 31st state on September 9th of 1850. They entered after they hoped for slavehood and became a free, nonslave state. They did this by the Compromise of 1850.
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LinkThis Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 was part of the Compromise. This law was good for the slave owners in the south, but bad for everyone else. You could be jailed in any way whether you helped a fugitive slave directly or indirectly. All of the abolitionists in the North at that time, contiuned to free slaves disregarding this law.
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Link"Uncle Tom's Cabin" was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This book had many different examples to show how cruel slave owners were and the troubles that slaves went through. This book helped re open the problem of slavery when it was starting to fade.
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LinkThe Kansas Nebraska Act contained the idea of popular sovereignty. The idea of letting the people vote. Many Northerners were upset with this idea because Kansas should be already a slave state according to the 36 30 line that was in place for the rest of the states. This was good for the southerners because it means there is a chance for another slave state. Many went in and voted in Kansas just so it would become a slave state, which wasn't fair.
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LinkThe Republican Party was formed by a number of white men that were from the North. These men were the ones who opposed slavery greatly and tried everything. They were first upset, when there was the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it was not following the 36 30 line.
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LinkThe Border Ruffians were a group that was pro slavery and did many things in hopes to make Kansas a slave state. They did this by, voting illegaly. The attack on Lawrence was a town in which they destroyed because it was anti slavery.
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LinkPreston Brooks attacked Charles Sumner, a MA senator with his cane. Charles Sumner was also an abolitionist. Preston Brooks attacked him because he gave an anti slavery speech a couple days earlier, which offended Southerners and Preston Brooks' Uncle.
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LinkIn reaction to the attack on Lawrence, John Brown lead a raid in hopes to take revenge. In this revenge, five people were killed. Due to this, many more were killed in Kansas, which gave the state the name "Bleeding Kansas".
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LinkThe Lecompton Constitution, was the document that faced the problem of submitting Kansas to be a free state or a slave state. The Lecompton took the side to be a free state. Unfortunatly for the Lecompton, the Border Ruffians were trying to make it a slave state, which was also passed.
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LinkDred Scott was a free slave that moved back into Missouri making him according to the court, a slave again. Dred Scott sued Sandford in hopes to re gain his freedom. Roger B Taney was the chief justice at that time and stated that blacks were just property therefor they had no rights. This also meant that he had no right sue.
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The Lincoln-Douglas debate was for US Senate. Douglas believed in popular sovereignty which proved to be a bad idea in the election for President in 1860. Abraham Lincoln strongly disagreed with Douglas and he said that slavery should be banned everywhere. -
LinkThis raid was another lead by John Brown. He hoped that slaves would help with him while he took weapons to rebel against slavery. After this disaster, John Brown was captured by Colonel Robert E Lee and was tried for murder and treason against Virginia.
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LinkHiram Revels was elected into the Senate in Febuary of 1860 as the first African American. He won over the elected of a 48 to 8 vote.
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LinkThe Constitutional Union Party was formed by the Whigs in the US in hopes to preserve untions. They supported the middle of the US akibf the North and South division.
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LinkAfter the cause of the split, the group split into the Northern Democrats and the Southern Democrats, based on their location. They split because of their ideas on slavery. The North nominated Stephen Douglass for President, while the South nominate John Bell.
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LinkThe Election of 1860 was won by Abraham Lincoln whose main goal was to eliminate slavery completely. He went against Douglas who wanted the idea of popular sovereignty which proved it was a horrible idea. This idea was bad because it mean all the states could go in different ways than what they were at that time. There was also John C Beckenrige and John Bell.
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LinkLincoln's Reconstruction plan for after the war inculded:
1. An official pardon to anyone that takes an oath of their loyalty and accepts to abide by all laws about slavery.
2. Not allow any high officials or military leaders that were from the Confederacy.
3. 1/10 of the voters who were in the 1860 election could take an oath, then that state could create a new government of its own. -
LinkPart of Lincolns Reconsruction plan was that in order to create a new governemnt, 1/10 of the voters in 1860 had to take an oath for that particular state. Wade-Davis then proposed that it should be 50% of the states white males with the addition that blacks were now allowed to vote. Congree passed this bill, but Lincoln didn't sign it, therefore pocket vetoing it.
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LinkOn Novemeber 8th of 1864, President Lincoln was re-elected as President. In the spring of that year, the Union, under Lincoln, defeated the Confederacy. Lincoln now had to put his plan for Reconstruction into action.
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LinkPresiden Andrew Johnson was the 17th President of the United States who took over after Lincoln was assassinated. This impeachment was the first one ever in US history. Johnson had a long battle between himself and the Radical Republicans, therefore removing Edwin M. Stanton, violating the Tenure of Office Act.
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LinkThe Freedmen's Bureaus job was to help and protect the freed African Americans in the timeperiod just after the Civil War. There hope was to turn all of these previous slaves into free men and women permanately. One of their jobs was to help and treat them with medical care because a lot of them were whiped, harassed, and lived in tough conditions.
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LinkLincoln was assassinated while watching the play "Our American Cousin". Lincoln's assassination was done by a famous actor of the time, John Wilkes Booth. John Wilked Booth was part of a group who planned on killing Lincoln. This group was made up of Condfederates. John Wilkes Booth snuck up to Lincoln's private booth and while the audience was laughing, John Wilkes Booth shot him. Lincoln died the next day.
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LinkPresident Andrew Jackson's Plan for Reconstruction Included:
1. Pardon to people who participated in the rebellion if given an oath of loyalty to the Union.
2. Each state is allowed to hold a Constitutional Convention.
3.States hold elections.
4. States re join the Union.
5. All states must abolish slavery.
6. No state is allowed to succede. -
LinkThe Black Codes that were created in Mississippi, limited the liberties and equalities of African Americans compared to whites. All of these Black Codes were based on the segregation between the races. Some of these codes included that blacks could not vote, own property, etc.
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LinkThe Thirteenth Amendment "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." and "Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation."
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LinkThe Ku Klux Klan (KKK) was an organization that was made up of white men from the Confederacy. The KKK was known for abuse, harassment, and the killing of African Americans. The KKK did these horrible things because they believed in white supremacy.
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LinkThe Civil Rights Act of 1866 was enacted on April 9th. This Act gave the equality of citizenship, rights, and enjoyment to all people in the United States "without distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude."
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LinkAs part of the Reconstruction Acts, the First Act split the ex Confederate states into five districts. Each district was under rule of a Northern General who protected life and property.
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LinkThe Fourteenth Amendment was ratified on July 9th of 1868. This amendment granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included freed slaves. This was denied in many Southern States, but not in the Northern States, meeting up to the requirements of 3/4 of the states.
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LinkUS Grant was the general in which the Union defeated the Confederacy under in the Civil War. He was elected president on March 4th of 1869. He ruled under the idea of reconstruction which was brought to attention under the Radical Republicans.
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This amendment, part of the Constitution stated that it is the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
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This act was passed by President US Grant in 1871. This allowed military use and punishment to stop terrorrist groups, such as the KKK. -
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The Freedman's Bureau helped to aid newely freed ex-slaves. Their help included education, jobs, supplies, etc. The Freedman's Bureau was the least liked organization of the time to help with reconstruction.On June 10th, there was an act of Congress that was later followed by the secretary of war trying to abolish the organization. -
LinkThe Civil Rights Act gave African Americans equal treatment in things such as transport, accomidations, anything in the entertainment buisness.The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was later declared unconsitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883
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LinkThe "Jim Crow" laws enforced segregation between whites and African Americans throughout many U.S. states. These laws imposed harassment and punishment if not met.
ex.Nurses: No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which negro men are placed. Alabama -
LinkAfter Reconstruction was officially over, the agreement was made where all troops from the north, protecting the South would leave.
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LinkRutherford B. Hayes was elected the 19th President on March 4th of 1877. As President, he was responsible and saw the end of the Reconstruction.
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LinkIn 1883, the court ruled the Civil Rights Act to be unconstitutional. They declared this act to be unconstitutional after a number of Civil Rights cases.
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LinkFlorida was the first state to enforce these laws, until other states began to follow in 1892. These laws included every aspect of their lifes, especially in places of entertainment. This also included voting, where there were requirements that had to be made in order for an African American to vote, which in this case enabled them.
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LinkPlessey was arrested for sitting in the railroad car meant only for whites. Other people other than whites, were supposed to sit in the car designated for other races. This went against the Seperate Car Act, where him and a number of other guys did it on purpose to challenge the law. This act was voted constitutional, seperate but still equal.
