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HBC
King Charles II granted HBC monopoly on Hudson's Bay. This land was called Rupert's Land. A monopoly is the exclusive possesion of an area or thing, meaning that only they could trade there. Forts were built there to trade. -
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Timeline
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Seven Years War
The British finally defeat the French in the Seven Years War. The French were led by General Montcalm and the British led by General James Wolfe. The war was mostly fought in North America. -
Treaty Of Paris
This was the agreement that the Seven Year War would end. The British had won and therefore, the French had created this treaty, France would also keep two of its islands. -
Royal Proclamation
This was an attempt by the British to get the french to adapt their culture. In other words, assimilate them. They forced upon them their culture, language, religion and laws. -
Quebec Act
Several years later, an act was put into place. It allowed the French to keep their values. The British used this as a strategy to gain more trust from the French. -
Treaty Of Paris 2
Ended the American Revolution. Britian surrenders southern area of great lakes. -
Constitutional Act
Split Upper And Lower Canada -
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution is the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation. But the revolution was something more than just new machines, smoke-belching factories, increased productivity and an increased standard of living. It was a revolution which transformed all society drastically. -
Red River Settlement
A group of settlers, under Lord Selkirk came and tried to settle on Metis land. The first group of settlers came in from Scotland for Selkirk arrived at York Factory in 1811. Due to the fact that it was winter, the journey was tough and hard. In spring they journeyed to the Red River Valley, but they arrived too late to plant crops. They survived another harsh winter only with the help of the FN and Metis. In 1813 a similiar fate was applied to the second group that came. -
War Of 1812
In this war there was no clear winner. Sir Issac Brock was the General who led the British. He allied with the Natives to help defeat the Americans, whom they were fighting. The expensiveness of the war led to the treasury being empty. Also, at the time there was a Tax Agreement saying that there would be no tax. The British putting tax back on led to discontent and rebellion. US attacks at this time. Fails. After this, American immigratio was discouraged. -
War Of 1812 2
The country felt pride and unity at their "victory." The First Nations were assimilated, the fur trade continued and Canada, as a country gained respect from America. -
Pemmican Proclamation
Stated that no food could be taken from Assiniboia without permission. Pemmican was a huge source of the Metis' income. They felt that the governor had no right to pass this proclamation. The Metis started to destroy the settlers crops and try to drive them out. They also attacked Fort Douglas. The settlers ran from the RRA -
Great Migration
During the Great Migration, many people came from Great Britain, mostly Irish. The Irish decided to migrate to Canada because of the Potato Famine. The Potato Famine was an epidemic that the potatoes had gotten blight; a plant disease. The potatoes provided the Irish people with most of their food. The Irishes main crop was potato and so when the potatoes got diseases and people started dying from hunger, they decided to immigrate to Canada. Also the Underground Railway played some role in this. -
Political Rebellion
The government doesn't want to change. They were in complete coontrol and they wanted to be loyal to Britian. The people were appointed rather than being elected. Oligarchy. Britain were scared that a revolution may occur if too much freedom was given, similar to the American Revolution. Many people, such as William Lyon Mackenzie rebelled and did not agree with the government. The 92 Resolutions were sent, but rejected. This led to violence and bloodshed. -
Act Of Union
The joining of Upper and Lower Canada under one government.
It was a recommendation of Lord Durham’s Report in 1839 -
Corn Laws
In 1846, a bill, "Repeal of the Corn Laws" was passed, and it allowed immediate imports of cheap North American corn and drastically lowered the price of bread, making it affordable as an alternative food to the majority of the Irish population. -
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Expansion of the West 2
The last spike of the railway is driven. Klondike gold rush begins in the Yukon. Yukon becomes a territory in Canada -
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Expansion of the West
California gold rush begins.
Gold is then discovered on the Fraser River in British Columbia. Northwest Territories and Manitoba become a part of Canada. British Columbia becomes a province of Canada.
The North West Mounted Police are founded to keep law and order in the West so the Americans do not annex the territory. Canadian Pacific Railway is formed. 15,000 Chinese labourers are hired to build the B.C. section of the railway, blasting through mountains. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
The bill was enacted to compensate people who lost property during the Rebellions of 1837. Those who had participated in the Rebellion were to be compensated with taxpayer's money except those who had been tried and convicted of high treason. These provisions angered some of the citizens and provoked weeks of violent disturbances.. It resulted in the burning of the Parliment Building in Montreal. -
Reciprocity Treaty
The reciprocity treaty in 1854 was a free trade agreement between British North America and the United States. The treaty allowed the Americans to fish in British North American water and there was little to no importation taxes for goods. The government of the United States abolished the treaty in 1865. -
Quebec Conference
This conference was held to further discuss a Maritime Union. It resulted in Newfoundland and P.E.I not wanting to join. The rest of the colonies created the 72 Resolutions. A way for the government to have absolute power and keep everything reasonable at the same time. It also appointed which government looked over what. -
Charlottetown Conference
The Charlottetown Conference was a meeting between the maritime colonies in Atlantic Canada with what was then known as the United Province of Canada. The meeting discussed and finalised the plan to create a Confederation out of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. -
London Conference
The last of the three Confederation Conferences. It took place in London, England. At this conference leaders from the Province of Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia turned the draft of the Quebec Resolutions into the British North America Act. Once this was done Canada officially became a country on July 1, 1867. -
BNA Act
When the British North American colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada joined in 1867 they first had to discuss how the new country would be run. They wrote up the rules for the new country in a document they called the British North America Act. This led to the creation of the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867. It also stated the powers of the provincial and federal governments In 1982, the BNA Act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867. -
Red River Rebellion
Macdownload wanted to expand to the west for his sea to sea vision and the fact that the US had bought Alaska, which is a small distance from the west. The RRR was an armed uprising against the Canadian government by the Métis who were afraid of losing their lands and their way of life when Canada acquired Rupert's Land in 1870. Louis Riel was the leader of this rebellion. It eventually helped lead to the creation of the province of Manitoba. -
Manitoba
Manitoba joins Confederation -
British Columbia
British Columbia joins Confederation -
Dominion Lands Act
This act gave the settlers land for simply comnig to Canada. You paid 10$, and you could live and work on that land. After three years until you could earn it. The settlement of the praries made expansion easier and stopped Americans from invading. Clifford Sifton falsely advertised Canada as a nice, beautiful place full of beautiful people. In doing so he recruited many people with his "amazing" deal. -
Indian Act
It stated that people who are natives would be given indian status, No Metis could apply for indian status due to only full indians being able to apply. The indians were given reserves, but they had no rights to vote or drink alcohol. In marriage, the women lost their status, but the men gained if they married. Timber and resources could be taken, but they would gain no money in the process. -
Saskatchewan and Alberta
Saskatchewan and Alberta join Confederation. -
Nunavut and Northwest Territories
Nunavut and Northwest Territories join Confederation
