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441 BCE
Antigone by Sophocles
In this ancient Greek tragedy, Antigone defies King Creon’s decree to bury her brother, following divine law over state law. The play explores the tension between moral and legal justice, questioning whether obeying human law is always just. -
1215
The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta was a landmark in legal history, establishing the principle that no one, including the king, is above the law. It became a foundational document for modern concepts of justice, due process, and constitutional governance. -
The Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals by Kant
This establish the foundation of moral philosophy by introducing the concept of the categorical imperative, a universal principle that dictates actions based on duty, not consequences. Kant argues that morality must be grounded in reason, and moral laws should apply to all rational beings equally, requiring us to treat others with inherent dignity and respect. This work lays the groundwork for understanding ethical duty, autonomy, and justice in moral decision-making. -
Francisco Goya’s The Third of May 1808
This painting depicted the execution of Spanish rebels by French soldiers, capturing the brutality of war and the fight for freedom. It’s considered one of the earliest modern depictions of social justice and resistance against oppression. Art -
Les Misérables by Victor Hugo
This novel examines the injustices of the French legal system and societal inequality, particularly through the character of Jean Valjean, who is pursued by the law despite his moral redemption. Hugo calls attention to the difference between legal justice and moral justice. -
Alexander Gardner’s The Dead of Antietam
Gardner’s Civil War photographs were some of the first to bring the brutal reality of war to the public, sparking conversations on the human cost of conflict and justice in war reporting. -
Release of Triumph of the Will
Directed by Leni Riefenstahl, this propaganda film highlighted how film could influence public opinion and political perspectives. It's a historical example of film's power in shaping ideology, often cited in discussions of ethics and justice in media. -
Guernica by Pablo Picasso
Picasso’s famous painting depicts the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, symbolizing the injustice of war and violence against civilians. The work became an anti-war statement, critiquing the brutality of conflict and the suffering it causes. -
Strange Fruit by Billie Holiday
This haunting jazz song, originally a poem by Abel Meeropol, became a powerful protest against racial injustice and lynching in America. Its impact on the Civil Rights Movement makes it a strong addition to a justice-focused timeline. -
The Migration Series by Jacob Lawrence
This series of sixty panels depicts the Great Migration, as millions of Black Americans moved North to escape Jim Crow oppression. Through bold colors and stark lines, Lawrence illustrates the struggles and hope of those seeking justice and equality, portraying a key chapter in the American civil rights journey. -
The Nuremberg Trials
These post-World War II military tribunals held Nazi leaders accountable for war crimes. They marked a historic moment for international justice, establishing precedents for prosecuting crimes against humanity. -
Premiere of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller
This play critiques the American Dream and highlights economic injustices faced by ordinary workers. It’s celebrated for its portrayal of class struggles and the societal pressures affecting individual well-being. -
The United Nations Headquarters
Designed by an international team including Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer, this iconic building in New York City symbolizes global cooperation and justice. Its architectural style reflects ideals of peace and unity, aligning with the UN’s mission to uphold human rights. -
A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry
This play highlights the racial discrimination and economic struggles faced by an African American family in Chicago. It confronts systemic injustices in housing and employment, emphasizing how these limitations affect Black families’ dreams and opportunities. The play remains a powerful exploration of social justice and resilience. -
Release of Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?
This groundbreaking film addressed interracial marriage during the Civil Rights Movement, challenging social norms and advocating for racial equality.