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1450
The Age of Exploration
European exploration during this time is extremely significant because it laid the foundation of modern countries in the New World, West Africa, and the Pacific. -
Period: 1450 to
Northern Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance had little effect on Northern Europe. However, ideas began to spread, leading to a Renaissance period in northern Europe and ending after Thirty Years’ War -
1452
Leonardo da Vinci
- An Italian Renaissance polymath
- Renaissance men
- He is knows for his artistic abilities
- Famous work: Mona Lisa In 1503, he worked on the famous painting in the world
- Credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter, and tank
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1453
Fall of Constantinople to the Turks
It was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453. -
1466
Desiderius Eramus
He was a humanist writer who supported religious toleration and wrote satire on political, social and religious institutions. -
1469
Niccolo Machiavelli
He was the writer of The Prince. In his book, he states his ideal of how a prince should act and rule. He mentioned that he prefer one ruler for Italy and supports for standing army. -
1471
Francisco Pizarro
He was a spanish conquistador who led an expedition which had conquered the Inca Empire. He was cruel to Atahualpa, Incan King. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
He is one of the most significant figures and the seminal figure in the Protestant reformation. He opposed Roman catholic church’s teaching and practices and wrote 95 theses to attack the sale of indulgences. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
Vast exchange of goods, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the New World, caused by the Commercial Revolution. -
1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
It was an agreement between Portugal and Spain on the conflict of the newly discovered lands by Columbus and other late voyagers. -
1500
Witch Hunts
It was a period of time of hunting witches in small towns which caused a big disaster. Innocent People were being accused of witchcraft. Both protestants and catholics tried and execute witches. -
1509
Rule of King Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England separated the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church and established himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. He used parliament to end the authority of the pope. -
Period: 1517 to
Reformation
It was a major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Reformation was caused by Martin Luther and continued by John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and other early Protestant -
Oct 31, 1517
Luthers posts his 95 Thesis
He posts his 95 thesis on a church door, arguing that indulgences are morally wrong. -
1519
Rule of Charles V
He was a roman emperor (Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella/ Maximilian I and Mary the Burgundy) who ruled Spain in 1519 to 1556, wanted a unified catholic Europe. -
1524
German Peasant Revolts
It started because the peasants were inspired by Martin Luther's statement but later tried but failed to revolt. -
1533
Rule of Mary I of England
1553 -1558:
She is a catholic ruler, known as"Bloody Mary", who was disliked in the public view because of her Catholic faith that caused her to execute protestants. -
Period: 1543 to
The Scientific revolution
The growth of science which many studied great deal of astronomy, biology, and other fields of science -
1545
Council of Trent
1545 - 1563
The council of trent provided the main impulsion of the counter reformation in Europe. Catholic attempt to stop the Protestant religion and to reform the Catholic church. -
1562
French Wars of Religion
It was a period of fighting in France between Catholics and protestants (huguenots) which resulted in the Edict of Nantes. -
1564
William Shakespeare
He was an English poet who wrote many plays and sonnet . -
1567
Rule of James I of England
His reign was important because it was the first time England and Scotland had the same monarch -
1568
Dutch Revolt
It was the revolts of the protestant Dutch against the Catholic Spain ending in Dutch separation from Spain. -
1570
Dutch Golden Age
It was a period in which dutch trade, science, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. -
Rule of King Henry IV of France
He was a Politique who changed his religion and alter policies numerous times in order to keep good control of his citizens. -
Rule of Louis XIII
He was one of the first absolute monarchs: removed rights of Huguenots, and was involved in the Thirty Years' War against the Hapsburg. -
Thirty Years' War
1618 - 1648
The War that ended the Reformation with the Treaty of Westphalia. It had 4 stages and was between Catholics and Protestants. -
Rule of Charles I of England
He was monarch of three kingdoms: England, Scotland and Ireland. Was executed in 1649. -
John Locke
Enlightened thinker who urged that the role of government is to protect the people from themselves. Used idea of Natural Rights, or rights that everyone should be granted, an idea embraced by the French Revolution. -
English Civil War
1642 - 1651
Civil war in England which ended with the execution of King Charles, and the establishment of the Commonwealth by Oliver Cromwell. -
Rule of Louis XIV
1643 - 1715
He centralized French government by building and maintaining nobles in Versailles, had successful wars and revoked the Edict of Nantes.
