time line

The Oka Crisis (1990)

1 CE

This event is a significant example of Aboriginal peoples asserting their rights and protecting their land, representing a high level of voice and agency.

Repeal of Section 12 of the Indian Act (1985)

2

This change allowed native women to marry non-natives without losing their status and land rights, reflecting a substantial gain in voice.

The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples (1991-1996)

3

This commission allowed Aboriginal peoples to voice their concerns and issues at a national level.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2008-2015)

4

This commission gave a platform for survivors of residential schools to share their experiences, representing a significant, though painful, assertion of voice.

The Constitution Act (1982)

5

This act recognized and affirmed Aboriginal and treaty rights, providing a legal voice for Aboriginal peoples.

The Indian Act (1876)

6

Although it severely restricted the rights of Aboriginal peoples, it also marked the beginning of a long struggle for voice and agency.

The White Paper (1969)

7

While intended to assimilate Aboriginal peoples, the strong opposition and subsequent withdrawal of the paper highlighted the growing voice and resistance of Aboriginal communities.

The Calder Case (1973)

8

This Supreme Court case recognized Aboriginal title to land, marking an important legal acknowledgment of Aboriginal voice.