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Sumer was one of the three first civilizations and was located in southern Mesopotamia. This civilization was most likely the first to have a written language.
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Another "first civilization" was Egypt. Egypt was located in the Nile River Valley located in northeastern Africa. This civilization was known for its pharaohs and pyramids, as well as Nubia, another civilization south of Egypt. Egypt was more of a unified state rather than cities.
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The third early civilization to emerge was along the coast of Peru. This civilization was called Norte Chico. This city was smaller than Sumer and its economy relied on its fishing industry. This city was quite different from the other two societies.
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This civilization had come about on Crete island,
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This empire had conquered Sumer's cities.
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This civilization was located in the Oxus or Amu Darya River Valley. Oxus civilization had many impressive builds, such as temples, walls, artisan workshops, etc. Their economy was based on agriculture and stock raising. Central Asia also had a very unique culture, which was expressed in many ways. This civilization was also used as a place of commercial exchange.
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Mesopotamia's largest city was Uruk. Uruk had grand walls and a ziggurat at the center. The city used temples for rituals and ways to distribute food. Many people had specialized jobs.
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Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BCE): Created a channel for floods Shang Dynasty (1600-1046 BCE): Created tombs for rulers and had sacrifices to accompany them for "the next world" Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BCE): Created the ideology of the "Son of Heaven," an intermediary between earth and heaven and created peace for the society
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This city was located near the Indus River and its population was around 40,000. This city had grand houses with its own plumbing systems. There were lots of public buildings around the city, including a public bath and citadel.
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This civilization was larger than the previous civilizations and was located in what is now Pakistan. What distinguished this civilization was its uniformity. The civilization kept its architecture, even the size of the bricks used, the same. Within the civilization, there were no hierarchies, which fascinates many historians.
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Another empire that had taken over the cities of Sumer.
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Around this time, the Olmec civilization began to emerge near reset-day Veracruz. This economy depended on maize, beans, and squash. Its origins were from chiefdoms, and would later become a center for ceremonies. These ceremonies used well-decorated altars, pyramids, etc. Olmec is known to be the first place in the Americas to have a written language.
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An empire that had taken over most of Mesopotamia.
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Kush invaded Egypt for 100 years.