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Crime Control methods of classicism
The crime control methods of classicism are to have longer and harsher punishments - longer jail sentences for certain crimes such as murder. Cesare Beccaria believed that all punishments should be equal for rich and poor people. -
Classical Theory
Cesare Beccaria started the classical theory in 1776, it was the theory that the prison sentences for criminals were not harsh enough for the crimes being committed. It wasn't a deterrent for the criminals therefore it wasn't working as well as it should. -
Classicism effect on criminal justice system
Classicism's control measures effected the criminal justice system because longer jail sentences for criminals means the government would have to pay more money for bigger jails and facilities. -
Classicism effect on the criminal justice system 2
Another effect on the criminal justice system is that prison doesn't work for everyone, some criminals may finish their sentence and then go on to commit another crime. This costing the government more money to keep them in prison again along with others. -
Voluntarism Theory
The voluntarism theory is the idea that everyone has their own free will. Criminals know their actions and it is their decision whether they commit a crime or not. We all have the ability to tell whether we are doing right or wrong. Volutarism is links to the classicism theory. -
Crime control methods of Voluntarism
The main control method of voluntarism was simply harsher punishments. If the criminal knows right from wrong then they should know not to commit a crime therefore they should be severly punished. -
Voluntarism effect on the criminal justice system
The main effect voluntarism had on the criminal justice system is the cost of more prison cells having to be built due to more people getting harsher punishments/longer sentences. The criminal now will look at the crime and decide whether it is worth committing for the punishment afterwards. -
Crime control methods of positivism 2
The crime control methods included looking at medication to give the criminal to stop them committing crimes or looking at a mental institution rather than a prison. -
Positivism effect on the criminal justice system 2
Another effect on the criminal justice system is that if the doctors are testing the criminals for problems this will cost more money. -
Positivism Theory
The Positivism theory is the theory that there are external factors that lead to someone carrying out a crime. For example, their upbringing. This theory looks at the individual more than the crime, This theory can be linked the biological theory as it looks at them as a person. -
Crime control methods of positivism
The main crime control methods taking place for positivism were different treatments, they were treated more as a patient with an ilness than a criminal. Another control method was to look at the genetics of a person to see if they were able to tell if a child would grow up to commit a crime. -
Positivism effect on criminal justice system
The effect the positivism theory had on the criminal justice system was the money it was costing to hold patients at a mental institution and money for the medication to give the person. As well, if there was more people diagnosed it would cost more to build more mental institutes. -
Crime control methods of biological theory
The crime control methods of this theory were having mental institutions for people with mental problems and tests being carried out on people who have carried out a crime and have 'abnormal features'. -
Biological theory effect on the criminal justice system
The effects on the criminal justice system was the money spent on the mental institutions and more being made if when more people were diagnosed. Also, the cost it was taking for people to be tested. -
Biological theory
This is the theory that someone is born a criminal. A person's facial features can determine whether someone is going to commit a crime. Cesare Lombroso came up with the theory that particular facial features can lead to someone commiting a crime, for example 'strange eyes', 'extended jaw line'. -
Crime Control methods of determinism
The crime controls methods of determinism were to give the criminal help instead of punishment. For example rehabilitation and medication, similar to positivism. -
Determinism effect on criminal justice system
The determinism crime controls methods effected the criminal justice system as rehabilitation now had to be paid for on top of still sending people to prison. Also, medication still had to be paid for and the testing of the criminals before diagnosis. -
Determinism Theory
Determinism is the theory that crimes that are being committed are beyond our control, people have mental health issues and we should help them not punish them. The person has no control over their actions therefore they should not be punished. -
Interactionism
Interactionists think most people commit deviant acts but only some are caught. Howard Becker believed that once a person is given a label they have a 'master status' and nothing else then seems important to them and they commit a crime due to this. -
Interactionism theory
Interactionism was the theory that people are labelled in their groups that they are part of. Howard Becker believed that if a person is labelled a particular way do they then behave that way? Interactionists don't assume lawbreakers are any different than people who abide by the law. -
Realism - Left and Right
Realism is the realistic view of crime, that crime needed to be taken more seriously and harsher punishments will have to take place. Family values and morals shouldn't be taken into consideration, the criminal should be harshly punished. -
Right realism
Right realists believe that we should be focusing on the victim of the crime rather than the criminal. Right realists believed that the postivist approach focused more on the offender and what to do with them rather than looking after the victim's needs. Right realists also believe the criminal has free will and decides to commit the crime. -
Right realism controls measures
James Q. Wilson stated that he thinks crime happens because the criminal thinks that the benefits outweigh the risks. He thought the controls measures for this should be tough, swift punishment. -
Right realism effect on the criminal justice system
Right realism's controls methods main effect on the criminal justice system was the tougher punishments would mean more prisons being built as people would be staying in prison for longer and this would cost more money. -
Left Realism
Tony Blair believed that crime should be taken more seriously, like right realism suggests. However, he believed that the criminals are working class people who attack other working class people in crimes such as robbery and assault. -
Crime controls of left realism
The main crime controls method that was introduced was CCTV cameras. This was introduced to make the community feel more safe and know that if something were to happen it would be filmed. However, some people argued it was unethical as they did not agree to be filmed. -
realism effects on the criminal justice system
When CCTVs were introduced this was more money that the government had to pay, however it has appeared to be worth it as to this day CCTVs are helping to solve crimes and make people feel more safe. -
Crime Control realism - Neighbourhood watch
Neighbourhood watch was introduced to make communities feel more safe in their homes and in their neighbourhood. It is a crime prevention scheme where people come together to secure their homes and always report any suspicious activity. -
Zero Tolerance Policy
The zero tolerance policy is a 'tough on crime' approach to policing and it is strongly supported by conservatives. After the 'Broken Windows Theory', it was decided that even minor crimes should be treated as if they are major. -
Right Realism replaces positivism
The first problem with positivism was that rehablilitation was proving not to be working as well as hoped. It cost the government alot to make and keep open the rehabilitation centres and people were still committing crimes. -
Right realism replaces positivism
Realism allows some opportunities of crime to be stopped. For example CCTV cameras being introduced and neighbour hood watch would stop people and make them think before committing a crime as they are likely to get caught. -
Right realism replaces positivism
Positivism wasn't giving the correct help to those who had a 'poor upbringing' or grew up in poverty as crimes were still being committed. Realism is being tougher on the criminal and letting them learn the hard way what is wrong and right. Maybe this is a better way of stopping the criminals rather than treating them. -
Restorative Justice
This is the idea that if the offender and the victim are brought together after the incident they would be able to come up with a positive outcome. The victim could try and understand why the offender did what they did. Seeing the victim in a bad state may help the offender to understand what they have done wrong and why they shouldn't do it again.