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William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst entered publishing in the San Francisco Examiner when he acquired it from his father. He established yellow journalism and it was based on scandlalous stories and shocking pictures about recent events. The Yellow Journalism showed support for the Cuban rebels and refused to use any Spanish sources. His stories stirred opinions towards the Spanish-American War and also showed nationalism. -
Bayonet Constitution and King Kalakaua
The Bayonet Constitution took authority away from the Hawaiians and to the hands of the Americans. Military power was used to force King Kalakaua to sign the Constitution or he was going to get overthrown.Although, the document took away the King's powers and enforced the Legislature and a cabinet government. -
Queen Liluokalani inherits the throne
After King Kalakaua's death, Queen Liliuokalani took over in January 1891. She wanted to create a new constitution because the Bayonet Constitution limited her power and of the Native Hawaiians. However, in the 1890s, McKinley started a recession in the island for Hawaiian sugar. They started to consider the annexation of the island. -
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William McKinley
McKinley was known for his goals of economic prosperity and growth of businesses in the United States. -
The explosion of the Maine
Hearst wanted to be involved with Cuba and sent an artist to create illustrations based on Spanish cruelty to include on his papers. When the Journal published a letter called the de Lome letter and it ridiculed McKinley's leadership. It lead to the Americans begging for war against Spain. An unfortunate event that occured in Havana Harbor that brought them to their breaking point. The USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect Americans and in February 15,1898 it was blew up and killed 260 sailors -
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Spanish-American War
The Spanish-American war broke out after the United States tried to intervene with the Cuban War of Independence. United States defeated Spain and the Philippines. As a result, the United States gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. -
Geroge Dewey
George Dewey was a U.S. Naval officer that was in charge and led the nation's victory against the Philippines at Manila Bay during the Spanish-American war. He was supported by Emilio Aguinaldo and with their forces combined, Spnaish forces surrended on August 14, 1898. -
Rough Riders
Rough Riders is an organization made by Theodore Roosevelt for the Spanish-American war after he resigned from the Navy. The members of the group were mainy atheletes, cowboys, ranchers, and miners. -
Imperialism
During McKinley's presidency, the Americans saw the rise in Imperialism.Treaty of Paris was signed in December 1898 which Spain gave Puerto Rico, Phillipines, and Guam to the United States. It was believed that if the United States acquired influence over these countries, it would open up more gates for trades and protect their naval forces. -
Philippine Annexation
Some Americans believed that the United States needed to spread its ideas overseas. Other Americans believed that they needed the Philippines for their economy. Also, with the Philippines, it would be a useful place to refuel and resupply ships when en route to China. They wanted to annex the Phillipines before other nations could do so. After it was passed in 1899, Filipinos were infuriated. Both nations fought and in 1946, the U.S. granted the Philippines full independence. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy was proposed by the United States in 1899 to publish an equal trading right in China to all the nations. It was proposed by Secretary of State John Hay. He recommended this to Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Japan, France, and Italy but none of them agreed to it. -
Foraker Act
The Foraker Act established that the United States was able to appoint Puerto Rico's governor and the upper house of the legislature. It gave the citizens the right to elect the lower house. -
Boxer Rebellion
Since the lust for China grew in many nations, many antiforeigner sentiments began to pop up. The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists or also known as the Boxers attacked Beiljing. Western counties sent 20,000 troops to China for support and a year later, China signed a settlement agreement as a return for the help that was provided. This rebellion increased the support in the Open Door policy. -
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Theodore Roosevelt
After McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt took charge and became the youngest President in United States' history. He believed that he needed to do everything in his power that would benefit the whole nation and everyone that inhibits it unless states otherwise in the Constitution. He wanted to increase influence on the United States and make the country a global power. -
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Langton Hughes
Langston Hughes was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. One of the earliest innovators of jazz poetry and best known as a leader of the Harlem Renaissance. -
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base was established after the Platt Amendment. It was used for coaling and as a naval base for the United States. -
Platt Amendment
The Platt Amendment limited Cuba's power when it came to signing of treaties with other nations. It also gave the United States the power to intervene when it came to things that Cubans were involved in. It also required Cuba to sell or lease lands to the United States if they ever needed it. Also, after the amendment was signed, Cuba becamse a U.S. protectorate. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War broke out in 1904 due to Russia's rejection of Japan's plan to divide Manchuria and Korean into spheres of influences. Japan caught Russia offguard and attacked the nation. Japan won the war significantly and Japan eventually emerged as a major power. It was established that Japan was United States' rival when it came to the influence in China. -
Panama Canal
The building of the Panama Canal by the Americans began in 1904 for a faster travel time between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. It was built under harsh working conditions and shortages of labor. It also led to the outbreak of Yellow Fever. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary was establish as an addition to the Monroe Doctrine during Theodore's Roosevelt's State of the Union address. It said that the United States should be able to practice military force in Latin countries in order to keep the Europeans away. -
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William Howard Taft
During his presidency, the United States influece in Latin America increased. He also used the dollor diplomacy to deepen U.S. interests. The policy was used to promote American economic interests in other coutries and using the power gained to achieve the nation's goals. -
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W.E.B Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. Became a ldeaer of the Niagara Movement (group of African-Americans who wanted equal rights for blacks) He strongly protested against discrimination against African Americans and other races. -
Fundamentalism 20th Century
a movement in 20th century Protestantism emphasizing the literally interpreted Bible as fundamental to Christian life and teaching -
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Great Migration
The Great Migration was a movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural South US to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. The Great Migration occurred a second time, in which 5 million people or more moved from the South to California and other western cities. -
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Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution happened in many parts of the country. In the south, Emiliano ZApata wanted land to be returned to the native people. In the north, Francisco "pancho" Villa led a revolt against Diaz. -
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Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the US. He persuaded a Democratic Congress to pass a legislative agenda that few presidents have equaled, He was responsible for the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commision Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan act and an income tax. Asked Congress to declare war in 1917 to make the world safe for democracy. He issued his Fourteen Points and went to Paris to aid the formation of a League of nations to the Treaty of Versailles. -
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Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson believed in focusing their policy on moral principles rather than focusing on the materialistic things that everyone followed and worshipped. In 1916, he promised the Philippines its independence and the following year, Puerto Rico obtained territorial status. He believed mostly in maintaining the peace among nations. -
Battle of Veracruz
The Battle of Veracruz was a response for the Tampico Incident. Americans expected to take control with little casualties. However, 17 Americans and 300 Mexicans were killed. -
Tampico Incident
Confrontation between the United States and Mexico at Tampico Bay, Mexico because of the arrest of the American sailors by the Mexican government. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of the Archduke served as a catalyst to World War I. It led to the attack of Austra-Hungary against Serbia. -
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World War I
The first World War had more than 9 million casualties and this when a lot of the technologies were introduced. Such as airplanes, poison gas, tanks, etc. The main factors that lead to the World War were: Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and alliances. Two military alliances were built: Triple Entente aka Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) and the Triple Alliance aka Allied Powers. (Britain, France, Russia) -
Germans invasion of Belgium
Germans invasion of Belgium added another powerful nation to the conflict. The British had promised to protect Belgium therefore, the BRitish was forced into the war and declared war on Germany. -
Sussex Pledge
Germany issed the Sussex pledge after the Germans feared that the United States would enter the war after the sinking of Lusitania. The pledge included a promise where they agreed not to sink merchant ships without warning or saving lives. After that, Germany proposed the ZImmerman note where it created an alliance between Germany and Mexico. -
U.S. declaring war against Germany
The United States practiced isolationism during the beginning of WWI, where they wanted nothing to do with it. When a German U-Boat sank American ships as a violation of the U.S. neutrality, President Wilson asked the Congress to declare war on Germany. One of U.S.' ships, Lusitania, was also torpedoed by Germany. -
Selective Service Act
It required men that are 21-30 years old to register and be drafted into the armed forces. Wilson administrated the NAtional War LAbor Board in 1918 to dispute workers and managements and it was essential to the war effort. -
Fourteen Points
The Fourteen Points were WIlson's ideas and vision of world peace that was presented tot he Congerss before the war ended. It included open diplomacy, freedm of the seas, the removal of trade barriers, and the reduction of military arms. It also dealt with a fair system to resolve disputes over colonites and self determination. The points called for the establishment of the League of Nations which is an organization of nations that work together to settle disputes, protect and prevent future war -
Eighteenth Amendment XVIII
The Eighteenth Amendment established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the Us by declaring production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegal. -
The First Red Scare
The First Red Scare was the Americans fear of the Communists and the change that might occur in America after the rise of the Bolsheviks. It also led to the Palmer raids where Mitchell Palmer led an attack on suspected people who might be a part of the Communist party as a part of the anti-Communist campaign. -
Schenck v. United States
During WWI, the Espionage Act made interfering with war effots a crime. Charles Schenck influenced men to oppse the draft. He was convicted of violating the act and appleaed. He believed that the First Amendment proced his right of free speech. The Supreme Court decided unanimously gainst him and that the Constitution does ot protect speech that harms others. -
Treaty of Versailles
German officials signed the trearty that agreed to force Germany to pay reparations for the damages caused by the war and the treaty created nice new nations" Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia. Also, the Central Powers had to surrender control over their colonies to the Allies. -
Louis Armstrong 1920s
Louis Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz and shifted the focus of music to solo performance. He was also an influential singer and improviser. -
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
American author of novels. Widely known as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century, and a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. -
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Harlem Renaissance 1920s
The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement in the 1920s that was also known as the "New Negro Movement". It included new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas affected by the Great Migration. -
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Prohibition
Prohibition is the legal act of prohibiting manufacture, transportation, storage, and sale of alcohol. Alcohol consumption was never illegal under federal law. Nationwide prohibition did not begin in the United States until 1920. -
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Billy Sunday
Billy Sunday was an American athlete who became a popular outfielder in the Nation League during the 18809s. He converted to evangelical Christianity in 1880s and became the most famous evangelist with his sermons. His preaching played a significant role in the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919. -
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Warren Harding
29th President of the US. Promised the nation a return to normalcy. Created a program that was designed to rid Americans of the tragic memories and hardships they faced during World War I. He signed the first federal child welfare program, dealt with striking mining and railroad workers, and oversaw a 50% unemployment rate drop. -
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Warren G. Harding
Warren G. Harding's presidecy brought up many problems. He wasn't the one corrupting but the members of his party were. They believed that their positions were made for wealth. One of the scandals that he was in was the Teapot Dome. Aside that, he took the US out of WWI and reduced its debt by 26 million. -
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Calvin Coolidge
30th President, Republican. He reduced the size of government programs and gained a reputation as a small-government conservative. -
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Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge was best known for his silent reign. He was commonly known as, "Silent Cal." Coolidge signed the Immigration act where it restricted immgration from other nations. During his presidency, the United States' economy skyrocketed, also known as the Roaring Twenties. He was suspicious of foreign alliances and spoke out about civil rights. -
Scopes Trial
Also referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a famous American legal case where high school teacher John Scopes was accused of violating Tenessee's Butler Act (made it unlawful to teach human evolution in school). Scopes was found guilty. -
Charles Lindbergh
Carles Lindbergh was an American aviator that made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic ocean. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The pact was a treaty signed in 1928 that oppposed against war as a solution to problems between nations. -
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Hebert Hoover
Hoover was the 31st president and attempted to combat the Great Depression by government enforcement, public works, tariffs, and increases in corporate taxes. He failed in producing economic recovery but served as groundwork for various policies for Roosevelt's New Deal. -
Stock Market Crash
A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a section of a stock market, resulting in loss of paper wealth. (ex: Wall Street Crash of 1929) -
Black Tuesday (Wall Street Crash of 1929)
The most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States. This signaled the beginning of the 10 year Great Depression. -
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The Great Depression
Deepest and long-lasting economic downturn in the United States. It soon began after the sock market crash of October 1929, and over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment. -
Dorothea Lange 1930s
Influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist. Known for Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administratrion (FSA). Her photos characterized the consequences of the Great Depression. -
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John Maynard Keynes
Introduced an idea that provided full employment as long as workers were able to be flexible with wages. Keynesian Economics was a view that recessions were influenced by aggregate demand. -
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Dust Bowl
A period in America where there were often droughts and dust storms which led to the failure of crops and forced people out of their homes. -
Amelia Earhart 1930s
Amelia Mary Earhart was an American aviation pioneer and author. She became the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and received the US Distinguished Flying Cross for this record. -
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Rep. Willis C. Hawley (hence the name) and was passed on this date. The act raised US tariffs on over 20,000 goods to record levels. -
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Construction of Hoover Dam
Borders off Nevada from Arizona. The construction led to hundreds of lives being lost and was dedicated to Franklin D. Roosevelt, but originally named after President Hoover. -
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
An agency that was made to aid and help any troubled bank that was in danger of failing. It gave $2 billion to local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, and mortgage associations. Originally established in 1932 by the US Congress. -
Hoovervilles 1930s
Hoovervilles are where homeless people lived and they were called Hoovervilles because Herbert Hoover was in office as president at the time and everyone blamed him for the depression. -
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
Roosevelt was a democratic who became elected president in 1933 and contributed to and instituted the New Deal for the Great Depression. He produced a variety of programs for the unemployed, recovery, and reform. -
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The New Deal
Franklin Roosevelt promised a new deal for Americans that would "wage a war against the emergency" in his inaugural speech. This led to increased federal regulation of the economy. His first approach was declaring a four-day bank holiday, Emergency Banking Bill of 1933, Glass-Steagall Act, and the FDIC. -
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First 100 Days
Within these days, Congress followed Roosevelt's lead and passed fiften separate bills that together formed the basis of the New Deal. (i.e. A national bank holiday, Ending the gold standard, Glass-Steagall Act, FDIC) -
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Frances Perkins
First woman appointed to the US Cabinet. Established unemployment benefits, pensions for elderly, and welfare for poorest americans within the Social Security Act. -
The Second New Deal
Roosevelt addressed three goals: improved us of national resources, security against old age, unemployment and illness, and slum clearance. These were in order to redistribute wealth, income and power in favor of the old farmers and laborers. -
Social Security Act
An act in attempt to limit dangers in American life such as old age, poverty, unemployment, and the buden of widows/fatherless children. In addition, Roosevelt became the first president to advocate federal assistance for elderly. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
Federal statute of the U.S. Introduced a maximum 44-hour 7 day work week, established a minimum wage, guaranteed a time-and-a-half overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited employment of minors. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a loyalist of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements. He founded the UNIA-ACL (Universal Negro Improvement Association with African Communities League) and the Black Star Line. -
Flappers 1920s
Flappers were a trend among western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts, bobed their hair, and listening to jazz. Their origins were in the liberal period of the Roaring Twenties.