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Becoming an Industrial Power: Department Stores
The first department store opened in 1846 that help all kinds of organized goods. They had sections for men, women, sports, and toys for children. They also had fixed prices which meant no bartering and no trades. They had money back guarantees and free delivering. People began shopping for the experience and not just for needs. Eventually this led to 5 and dime stores, which gave discounts when buying in bulk which was passed onto the customers. -
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Transforming the West
Transforming the west was a moment in time where mining was large thing to do. Indians were assimilated to white culture and they were being forced off land. This era revolved around Indians and how they assisted us to get where we are today and how many mistreated them. This era goes into detail of how America expanded. -
Transforming the West: Native Americans
Hundreds of Native Americans still roamed in the plains, in the northwest, and in the southwest. A HUGE change during this time was the introduction of riding horses. Horse riding to increase buffalo hunts changed life on the range on plains. However, because this was so successful it increased conflict between other tribes along with white men. -
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Becoming an Industrial Power
Becoming an Industrial Power revolves around the booming of business and modern technology. Around this era was when today items were beginning to exist and strikes were had. Many changes to how we live today were made and form life as we know it now. -
Transforming The West: Mining
During the 1860's through the 1870's gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc were craved. The Klondike Gold Rush was a harsh journey to Alaska that many treasured the journey more then the actual gold at the end. During this rush for gold, many trees were destroyed, causing the food chain to become unbalanced and farming was over grazed. However despite the environment, many were plainly focused on the Manifest Destiny. -
Transforming The West: Railroads
Due to the rising economy and growing world numerous train tracks and newer transportation networks were being built. Land for farming and farmers had begun selling products on the national market. Ranching and mining became even bigger and many towns were booming! Along with all of this and packages were being delivered, Time Zones were created to insure everything be delivered on time. -
Transforming The West: Granges
Farmers had formed alliances and societies to find a solution for their bad agriculture. For assistance they were to lecturers, experts, and new papers writers for public appearances. These societies held not a few farmers but hundreds and thousands of members! They were the first populist movement , however granges began to die out after the economy recovered from its harsh state. -
Transforming The West: Cattle
Before railroads in Texas overcame the cowboys and cattle drives, cattle were a big thing. There were the Longhorns: a mix between Spanish and English cows and were very popular at american dinner tables. They had cost up to about 40$ per animal in the North. Long drives: there were no railroads to the south going into Texas, so much cattle were sold North for more money. Cowboys: manliness, courage, and independent, and majority were Black, Mexican and Hispanic. -
Transforming The West: Custer in Battle of Little Bighorn
George Armstrong Custer on 1876 in June went into battle with the Sioux. The Sioux was an Indian tribe that refused to leave their homes and onto reservations after the white men poured into the mines. Custer underestimated the tribe and attacked with a small army and ultimately FAILED! Although he was seen as a hero on media along with the Sioux looking worse than before, he was killed and skinned by his head. -
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The Gilded Age
The Gilded Age was the beginning of a city of diversity and the reformation of the places around them; Making the world a better place. This was a time of leisure and relaxation which was a very common thing to do. Everything was great until depression took over and nudged there way into this era. -
Transforming The West: Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
Buffalo Bill was a character from a famous novel. This character was taken in real life by a man who took his name and began the the Wild West show. He was a former scout and buffalo hunter and started his own show. This show consisted of Indian fights, real animals, cowboys, and even Sitting Bull himself casted. This show even carries on today in some areas. -
The Gilded Age: Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Act was a result of the assassination of Garfield by Charles Guiteau. Guiteau got frustrated after he wasn't given the position he wanted which involved the Spoils System. Because of this, the Civil Reform Exam began; it was a fair system to the Spoils System. People had to take an exam to see if they were qualified for the position. -
Transforming The West: Assimilation
Americans brought natives into America to assimilate them into white culture, however many saw this mistreatment as unfair and injustice. One being Helen Hunt, who wrote the famous "A Century of Dishonor," which talked of the harshness natives were going through. Congress saw this mistreatment and supported educating immigrants, also meaning switching their culture for ours, thourgh boarding school. -
Transforming The West: Dawes Severalty Act
This act called for the break up of reservations due to the mistreatment of slaves. Instead they wanted to assimilate them into Christians as their main goal. This gave natives 160 acres of farm land however, i needed to be self- sufficient for 25 years (trust), and for families it had welfare. The unmarried had smaller tracts but all had the right to vote. However, this was bad: the land was poor and natives couldn't hunt, not to mentioned they were conned for their land. -
Transforming The West: Ghost Dances
The Ghost Dance was a form of resistance of white rule for the natives.A shaman envisioned a flood warning that would wash away all the whites and the natives would at least be able to go back to their regular lives. They believed "the dead spirits would protect us from bullets" (I know right.) This was seen by the military as a resistance and a threat. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Monopolies
A monopoly is a few or one powerful single controlling a sector of an the economy. Some of the first monopolies were with railroads. This would be where railroad men would bribe elected officials to not "see" what they were doing. They would routinely price gauge and would very often manipulated stock prices. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Trusts
Trusts were invented by John D. Rockefeller; trust were the act of bringing two different companies that happen to be in the same industry and placing them under a board of trustees. The company would turn over its stock for a large profit guaranteed. Rockefeller alone had around 40 company trusts appointed to his board. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was an act that would break up monopolies from forming. It was passed in 1890 and made making/ having trust illegal.Corporations bought politicians and eventually the act was watered down and made this law weak. However, the Sherman Anti-Trust act will succeed later. -
The Gilded Age: Tenements
Due to the rapid city growth in the Gilded age, tenements were a negative view. Tenements were apartment like structures that were very poor and each had multiple families living in it. They each had a single room with no restrooms. They were poorly lit and in result were many sexual assaults. Disease was a HUGE problem with these, along with rent soaring because of over population. (Immigrants) -
The Gilded Age: Nativism
American grew weary of immigration (again) and wanted to stop natives from coming into america. The slums and strikes propelled and idea, these were very hated: slums and strikes. The Chinese Exclusion Act was active and Immigration Depots were growing. Immigration Depots would deport immigrants who were either of the following: Criminals, diseased, or radicals. -
The Gilded Age: Farmer's Alliance
The Farmer's Alliance took the reins from the Granger Movement. It held 5 million white members. This was for farmers who were being over charged on shipping crops by railroads, they were given higher interest loans. They began negotiating higher crop prices, better loan rates and insurance rates. They eventually became a political to fight monopolies. They won BIG in 1890. -
Imperial America: Technology
Technology was reaching modern technology at this time. They had increased communication by using telephones, Morse code, and the telegram; These were causes of faster news travel. Faster travel time was also created with the help of steam powered engines on boats, this meant no more waiting for the wind to blow the right way. Eventually the U.S Navy began going along with this and boosted to steel ships -
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Imperial America
Imperial America was an era of war and conquest. Many battles and wars were fought for freedom, and rights. Rebellions were being rebelled and amendments were being signed off. migrations took place and overall this era carried a wide spread of battles between many countries. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Holding Companies
Holding companies (also invented by Rockefeller) was a result of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Since the act made trust illegal, Rockefeller found a way around it by using holding companies. This was large corporations that bought and OWNED other companies. It replaced the trusts and meant buying the entire company stocks. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act could not do anything about it. -
The Gilded Age: City Reform
During this police forces were reformed, and streets were cleaned and sanitized. Public parks became a big thing and the condemnation of slums were made. Education for immigrant children was being passed, they had to attend school and learn English and eventually the Pledge of Alligence was mandatory to insure they were an American -
The Gilded Age: City Centers
City enters became the center of commerce, this in which NO ONE lived. There was massive transit in and out of cities. Skyscrapers were being built, land was expensive to buy so instead of growing out, they grew upwards. Suburbs were getting larger, these were cheaper and quieter living spaces, however immigrants were not allowed to lve on suburbs due to their poorness. This was the beginning of the middle class. -
The Gilded Age: New Women
The "New Women" movement. Women were mainly involved in the middle class and had tons of free time. Women roles increased and began attending collages, along with joining clubs and groups. They were also "Champions of Temperance," they wanted to ban alcohol due to how men treated women while under the influence. Many of these women were also suffragettes, fighting for the right to vote. -
The Gilded Age: Leisure
The middle class and the upper class were mainly the ones who enjoyed relaxing. They got into sports and often took walks outside and went sight seeing. Many would go to theaters and operas, these were very popular at the time. They would even go to carnivals and write sheet music to play the piano, performing music was a form of relaxation. Many of the rich upper class would flaunt their riches by throwing lavish parties. -
The Gilded Age: Pullman Strike
The strike began with George Pullman. He built luxury railrod cars and treated his employees well until, the depression of 1893. In result, he had to cut off some workers and also cut salaries: did not go so well. The workers striked under the name American Railway Union. They shut down american railroads and this causes the president to intervene. However, the strikers gained public support and increased attention. -
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The Progressive Era
The Progressive Era was a growing division, where automobiles were being made and trust were enacted. Health regulations were created and Women gained their voice. This era shook away all the pieces from the past and entered a modern era. -
Progressive Era: Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt was the youngest president ever with the starting age of 42. He was the vice president to McKinley who eventually was killed in 1901. Teddy was a very energetic and enthusiastic person. He was often called a "grown kid" and "man baby" due to energy. He was also a lecturer, he often gave great lectures that many listened to. He was a star athlete and wrestler which was added to some of the things people loved most about him. -
Imperial America: American Media
The American Media revolved around the Yellow Journal. The Yellow Journal was a paper company that wrote dramatic, highly exaggerated stories and sold them. They used this against the Spanish by saying dramatically that they "rape and molest!" The Yellow Journal was created by William Hearst who said, "You furnish the pictures, ill furnish the war." -
Imperial America: Cuba
Cuba was Spain's only remaining colony that didn't have independence. This led to their 1st rebellion that failed in 1840 however, they were given autonomy. America eventually invested 50 million $ to Cuba in sugar cane. Cuba's 2nd rebellion happened during an economic depression, they destroyed ALL sugar plantations EXCEPT the U.S's because they wanted America's help. In result, Spain sent troops which become ill with diseases and eventually moved to concentration camps. -
Imperial America: U.S.S Maine
The U.S.S Maine incident happened while on its way to Havana. This "was the Spanish's fault" (it was actually faulty ship design) ANYWAY, the Yellow Journal got to this quickly and began printing how Spanish loyalist were the reason the U.S.S Maine exploded in the Havana harbor; they stated "the Spanish planted a mine!" -
Imperial America: Hawaii
Hawaii at the time was where the American sugar business flourished. Sanford Dole, the most famous person in Hawaii because of his fruit, later became president after stealing the throne from the Queen! He being his cruel self changed their religion to Christianity. After Queen Liliuokalani was over thrown a new strategy was needed, thus leading to the annexing of Hawaii in 1898. -
Imperial America: Treaty of Paris (1898)
The Treaty of Paris was what ended the war. With 385 dead from battle and 2000 dead from disease, the treaty was written and signed. This meant Spain gave up Cuba and it had independence; however Cuba became a puppet state. Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines was given to the U.S for 200 million dollars. -
Imperial America: Rough Riders
The Rough Riders were a special military, this military was created by teddy Roosevelt himself; he wanted war! He had quit being the assistant secretary of the Navy and led the first voluntary Calvary. The Rough Riders consisted of cowboys, cops, athletes, Indian scouts, and Africans, eventually gained up to 300 thousand members. -
Imperial America: Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy was a non-binding agreement which basically meant that you could opt out at anytime. The Chinese markets were open to all who wanted a part of it, it was a non-established right to trade: There was also no duties or taxes! However the Chinese had product fees in replacement of taxes. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: America
after the Civil War business boomed! 1860- America was far behind West Europe in industrial power. In 1900 we were the world leaders in industrial capacity. Raw goods and cheap labor helped us pass up everyone in front of us. We had modern inventions such as: Kodak cameras, light bulbs, telephones, motion picture cameras, phonograph/ record players, and ton of electrical products. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Corporations
Corporations were the biggest change in the economy during this this time. Railroads, telegraphs, and many businesses expanded. Many owned through stocks and had a limited liability. This basically meant that if someone were to die from the product, the corporation would hardily be responsible for it. This is rough, at least compared to how we are today. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: John D. Rockefeller
John Rockefeller was the "Andrew Carnegie" of the oil industrial productions. He controlled around 90% of the oil domestication! He used the vertical and horizontal intergrations to help him achieve all this. He also invented the Trust and Holding Companies that were another thing that helped him get to where he was: At the top of the oil industry. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Robber Barons
Robber Baron were greedy capitalist that grew into wealth by using shady business practices. They were very manipulative when it came to politics and would a lot of the time exploit workers. Andrew Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Vanderbilt were all Robber Barons and had gotten to the point where they would begin under paying their workers and legally taking money. -
Progressive Era: Industry
Industries suppressed workers a lot. They had spies and private securities to go to workers and find information. They use intimidation from joining unions and gave options to join unions to crate tension. They fired all union members to create division and used blacklist heavily! They even kicked union families out of company homes and replaced them with new workers. -
Becoming an Industrial Power: Andrew Carnegie
Steel during this time was the building block of industrial america, however it couldn't be mass produced due to how long it took. This all changed with Andrew Carnegie; He grew up a poor Scottish immigrant but worked hard and kept investing which brought him money. He gained his wealth by creating the Bessemer Process that sped up the production and lowered the price of steel. He became rich, and never blew his money of liquor or cars, he donated much and was not a greed driven man. -
Progressive Era: Teddy Bear
The stuffed animal was created in result to Roosevelt saving a baby cub. while hunting with a group of people, the people tied a baby bear to a tree in "honor" to Roosevelt. Theodore after seeing this was sickened by it and freed the cub: He believed in hunting being a sport. This eventually led to the public loving him more and inventing the "Teddy Bear" -
Imperial America: Roosevelt Corollary
After Europeans tried to colonize in Latin America due to our debt we still needed to pay, Teddy's Corollary was born. Teddy brought up the Monroe Doctrine once again and forced Europeans back. Latin America then became debt collectors and given U.S police power. Teddy enforced this by using his famous words, "Speak softly and carry a big stick." Which he would follow by beating all of those who refused. -
Progressive Era: "The Jungle"
"The Jungle" was a book written by Upton Sinclair. It described the struggle of immigrant families that lived in poverty. It is most remembered by its shared reality of the food industry. It talked of how there was rotten meat, severed fingers, and rat feces in restaurants and food companies! This book eventually led to the Meat Inspection Act of 1906: The government could shut down restaurants if they were not up to the qualifying standards. -
Imperial America: Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Lodge was an advocate for for updating the military. At this time we were the third ranked most powerful navy, first was Britain and second came Germany. He was in charge of the Great White Fleet, the Great White Fleet was his navy of big, strong steam powered ships that were painted white. -
The Gilded Age: Social Gospel Movement
The Social Gospel Movement originally started in England. It was advocated for the poor working class and made religious people upset. The YMCA was created to help young christian men get on their feet. They offered kitchens, libraries, exercise and housing. The Salvation Army also offered soup kitchens that offered the homeless food. -
Progressive Era: William Howard Taft
William Taft was elected president after Teddy promised to never run again after his 1st term, he was Teddy's secretary of war. After Taft beat Jennings in the election Teddy regretted it. Taft did not believe in change, this caused the 2 to fight. Taft got rid of all trust when not all of them were bad, he also didn't like reforms. He saw himself as an executive instead of an opportunity for change. -
Progressive Era: Unions
Unions had racial and ethical issues and had strikes (obviously.) Families did not support unions because it stopped money from coming in the house. Strikers stopped transportation, this really ticked off the government. The government began breaking up unions eventually SCOTUS sided with big business' and stated employers were able to fire strikers. -
Progressive Era: Carrie A. Nation
Carrie A. Nation was a 64 year old woman, everywhere she went she carried a small hammer and bible. She would often go into bars and begin smashing up all the drinks and alcohol she saw with a bible in her hands. The best part is that every time she did it, she would walk calmly out as if nothing had happened! She was a big part in the Temperance Union. -
Progressive Era: Woodrow Wilson
Wilson wins the election and begins cutting tariffs off. he eventually lost the income to fund the government which creates the 16h amendment: Income taxes. The banking system is revived basically and there is no central authority. the supplies was in the hands of individual banks and operated separately. This led to the Federal Reserve Act which held bank funds in urgent times, set loans and issued currency. Had private institutions of banks and had board of governors appointed by president. -
Progressive Era: Henry Ford
Henry Ford revolutionized the auto industry with cars. He created the assembly line process which made making cars fast and offered everyone a specific job. He improved machinery and reduced prices and passed savings onto his customers. His employees worked 8 hours a day and he offered a "5$ a day" but with rules. you had to have a year experience, men must live with their families, not gamble, and no heavy drinking. -
WWI: Archduke Ferdinand
Ferdinand was visiting Sarajevo in Bosnia when he was killed. He was killed by a group called "The Black Hand;" a terrorist group. They wanted to kill Archduke to make a statement to free Serbia! He was riding in an open top car when their first attempt to kill him with a bomb was active. However, the person throwing the bomb screwed up and missed his car, the bomb killed surrounding soldiers. His murder happened later after a wrong turn while driving, someone shot him as he was reversing. -
WWI: Alliances
Germany beefed with basically everybody. The allied with Austria-Hungary and pushed for an invasion of Bosnia. Their plan was called "Schlielfen Plan," it was a two front war, meant to be quick and then move onto to Russia. Russia ended up being an ally with Bosnia when Germany wants war with Russia. France allied with Russia which Germany wants war with France. Great Britain wants war with Germany, Britain attacks France and says that they will give Belgium independence if they helped Britain. -
WWI: U.S Neutral Power
Unlike the others, the U.S was/wanted/decided to be a lone neutral (for now.) They said it wasn't worth it and that they were good on the side lines :) The U.S traded mostly with their allies and had Britain as a really close special friend, and traded with them a lot. The U.S decided to stay out of everything and had no involvement in the war until our submarines were getting blown up by Germans. -
1920's: The Lost Generation
People in the lost generation rebelled against Victorian values. They were effected by the negativity and remorse of WWI and were all about being against the public codes of conduct. They also happened to be "sex liberalist" meaning they believed sex was an open thing, to be freely had whenever and wherever! They wanted to escape the "unhealthy" confines of modern life and that alcohol was an important release for many who drank it. It was a moment to relax and let it all out. -
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World War I
WWI was a time of war obviously. From assassinations automatically to alliances, this era remains one of the worst in American history. With new war tactics and strategies being planned along with newer weapons being made. Countries all across the globe fought for what they wanted and we remember it till today. -
WWI: Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa attacked Columbus in new mexico. John Pershing was a general and chased Pancho. Pancho raided Columbus in the U.S which causes John to chase him through the desert. Pancho makes a U-turn into Mexican territory and Mexico and U.S are at a stand off. This led the U.S into a Mexican army. -
WWI: Western Front
This was ALL about trenches. The trenches never moved more than 20 miles and new weapons were being used. Mustard gas, airplanes meant for spying during this time, bombs even though they were limited, machine guns and last but not least tanks, which were often used to break up trenches. -
Progressive Era: Preserving Nature
This was part of the progressive reforms. It brought up national parks, national monuments and animal sanctuaries. Roosevelt was a HUGE conversationalist and realist. However there was limited natural resource extraction. National Parks System was invented in 1916 in which big business conservationist advocated. There was public demand for creation of thee NPS. The NPS ran all national parks, monuments, and historical sites. -
WWI: Industry
Women worked more due to the war. Food was highly priced because of how scarce it had become and it didn't help that food was saved for troops. Women took factory jobs in replacement of the men who were fighting. Also came Africans from the south and helped replace soldiers regardless of their discrimination. -
WWI: Zimmerman Telegram
Arthur Zimmerman offered Mexico Texas, New Mexico and Arizona if they entered the war and if Germany won. Germany wanted Mexico to convince Japan to attack and distract American colonies. When Americans hear this they get mad and want war! Wilson (president) agrees. The U.S wasn't allied powers, bu they were associate powers. -
WWI: Eastern Front
This was longer than the western front and the majority of it was trench less. Imperial Russia collapsed and people in Russia began to starve and revolt. Tsar was overthrown during the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. More communist view points were shown with Vladimir Lenin. Germany now had a peace treaty with central powers on 1918. -
WWI: Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference took months to plan but was planned in secret and left Germany out of the loop to decide their fate. Obviously this angered Germany that Great Britain, France, Italy, and the U.S were planning this and purposely left Germany out of the group decision. This ended up leading to the Treaty of Versailles. -
WWI: Treaty of Versailles
This treaty was signed on the anniversary of Archduke's assassination. It crippled Germany's economy because they were blamed for everything and had to pay for all the damage. The treaty stated they could not form an army and had to give up their colones. They were given the blame for it all although it all originated from the Black Hand. -
1920's: Car Ownership Boom
Cars become very well know like today. Ownership of cars boom and are common and cheaper. They were cleaner than horses! People were also able to buy cars off of credit, this a new and liked idea. Whenever the poor bought cars it took 100% of their income and for the middle class paid about 20%-45% of their take-home income to buy cars. However, because of all these cars, pollution increased drastically. -
1920's: New Industries
With the mass cars productions came mass oil, luckily oil in this time was very cheap. Roads were being made for the 27 million cars that were being driven in 1930. Newer bridges, roads, tunnels were also built to decrease traffic. Cottages sprung up on the side of roads along with hotels. Bill-board advertising was a big thing, with restaurants and gas stations. Another thing was vacation industries, people would go on vacations for pleasure since travel was so much easier, with cars. -
1920's: Benefits
Some benefits were sick leaves, employees could call of work and still get a paid day. Stock ownership were growing to play with the market and eventually get BIG! A big thing was also pensions and retirement money, along with medical insurances from companies of which you worked for. A most favored item, paid vacations! This privilege was to instill loyalty. -
1920's: Temperance Movement
The Temperance Movement was the act of banning alcohol. The "wet" opposition wanted to drink and the "dry" opposition didn't want drinking. The Anti-Saloon League was a highly constructed propaganda of "dries." billy Sunday who was a member went around to school talking about how drinking was bad and this overwhelmed the "Dries" -
1920's: 18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment was the amendment that banned alcohol in 1917! This made making alcohol, selling it and/or transporting it illegal. It had went into full effect in 1920 and was paired up with the Volstead Act in 1919 which basically meant that you could only have 5% of alcohol in your system at a time. This was not, as you can assume, liked very much. -
1920's: Enforcement
After the banning of alcohol, drinking was seen as drugs today are, very wrong. Police began to raid neighborhoods and homes to find liquor and pour it all down the drains! This involved all kinds of wine, beer, and any other alcohol, ALL were smashed and destroyed! They wished that treatment towards drinking would make society more law abiding. -
1920's: KKK
The KKK involved people who had the mindset of the old days, where there were no immigrants, suffrage, and prohibition. They initially were suppressed by the government and were not bothered by them when they did lynchings. Millions of members joined in the 1920's and there were thousands of lynchings and burnings... Whites were upset about the great migration and led to black neighborhoods getting assaulted by white mobs. The KKK also went after Jews, Catholics, Immigrants and females. -
1920's: Margaret Sanger
Margaret Sanger was a nurse and birth control advocate. She believed that children made women improvised. She created the first birth control clinics and clinical abortions. She ended up educating women on birth control and the dangers of illegal abortions. However, she sadly got arrested for teaching this since it was against the law at the time. -
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The 1920's
The 1920' carried on after WWI and was a time to thank god the war was over. Many drank and parties like there was no tomorrow. Besides that, technology became even more advanced and construction grew. Amendments were signed and life went on. But with this came rivals and groups who seeked to ruin this era of jazz and growth. -
1920's: Bootlegging Alcohol
After the banning of alcohol obviously people began finding ways to drink anyway. The banning of alcohol had BACKFIRED and increased organized crime and black markets skyrocketed! The mafia took clear advantage of this and charged A LOT for what was illegal to get, drinks. It got so bad that police were beginning to get bribed for "not seeing" the transportation of beer. -
Great Depression: Herbert Hoover
Herbert came in at a good time where everyone was happy before the depression took control. He was elected in 1928 but didn't start till 1929. He was an orphaned child and grew to be a humanitarian that helped children after WWI. He was also a poor public speaker and introvert who believed in minimal government intervening, this meant that he wanted business' to fix problems on their own. -
Great Depression: The Crash
With the over-production of goods, clothes and machines. There was a falling demand that had limited purchase power. This had caused an unequal income distribution. Workers got paid 8 percent while corporate earned 62 percent of the income. Eventually there was high tariffs bouncing back and forth of who's tariff could go higher. -
Great Depression: Hoover's Response
The severity of the situation was at first unknown to the public, which eventually led to the hardest 10 years in american history. The government began lending money to the rich for the rest to trickle down evenly to the middle class and poor, this however, does not happen. The economy begins debating on using laissez faire and business' and jobs. Wanted shorter hours, all workers agreeing not to strike and raise high tariffs which sadly made this worse. -
Great Depression: Mexican Repatriation
The U.S ends legal immigration in 1929. This lasted the entire depression but protected American jobs. Many farmers relied on Mexican labor because Americans did not want these tough working jobs. Local and federal officials began deporting immigrants. Up to 415k involuntarily left the country due to the depression. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression was just like it sounded like, an economic collapse killing thousands unintentionally. Money crashed and banks went with it creating the depression and inflation. People attempted to fix this while others unintentionally made it worse. Like many other eras, amendments were written and changes were made. -
Great Depression: The Dust Bowl
The top soil was blown away by a drought and poor farming. The southern plains were the worst to get hit, the dust blanketed many major cities. People began barricading themselves in their own homes and cattle began dying left and right. Because of this, their was hardly any agriculture, (as if the depression wasn't bad enough.) 220 million trees were planted in Canada from Texas in hopes of "preventing" the wind from reaching them and to stop the dust bowl. -
Great Depression: Bonus March
This happened in summer of 1932, only months before the next election. 40k WWI veterans demanded early payment on their war bonuses that they were promised. However, because of the depression there was no money to give. After the veterans stand their ground they eventually are forced off by force by the army. Hoover was blamed for this and his image was tainted, even though it was not his fault. -
Great Depression: Migration
Many migration in result of the Dust Bowl in 1930. Up to 400k Oklahoma people flee and were given the name "Okies" by California folk. The migrants lived in makeshift camps on roadside, basically, they had no homes. This led to the image taken by Dorothea Lange, "Migrant Mother." A mother who was going through the harshness "Okies" were going through. She became a symbol during this time. -
Great Depression: Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor was the eyes and ears for FDR. She cared about everyone regardless of race, color, and gender. She was the first outspoken/ modern first lady and worked towards causes. She absolutely hated the south however. Due to the way they treated African Americans with harshness and hatred. She was an example to all other first ladies to come into politics. -
Great Depression: Father Charles Coughlin
Charles was an Irish catholic priest who preached an alternative to the New Deal. He had up to 30-40 listeners a week on his radio station which was more than FDR had. He blamed wall street and international bankers for the depression. He nationalized banks that were part of national government. He was another person who pushed FDR farther left onto the liberals side. -
WWII: Fuhrer
After Hitler made Nazi's the only political party, the president died, making him Fuhrer (president) in 1934. He establishes the 3rd Reich: Jews were stripped of their citizenship and were not allowed to go to public school along with not being able to be in public places and were forced to wear the star of David on their shirts. Hitler builds an army, breaking the Treaty of Versailles, however no on does anything about it, in order to not stir trouble. -
Great Depression: Work
The civil Conservative Corporation (CCC) was a program where young poor men gained work experience and restored the fish due to the damage that dams had caused. Along with this was reforestation and roadside parks/ National parks. The Work Progressive Administration (WPA) was the largest New Deal program that helped with construction of industries. -
WWII: Adolf Hitler
He was a natural orator and very charismatic, a very likable person. He soon takes control of the National Socialist Party (NAZI) Attempts to make a coup of Welmar Republic however, it failed and he was arrested for treason. He spent 9 months in prison where he wrote his famous book, "Mein Kampf" ("My Struggle") -
WWII: Cash & Carry
The Cash and Carry acts were basically allowed waring nations to buy goods. This exempted the Neutrality Acts of 1935-1939 that restricted arm sales, loans and other goods to waring nations. As long as they transported their own goods and paid in cash ONLY it wasn't officially against the law. -
WWII: Munich Conference
After Hitler was sat down and discussed the problems of what he was doing, he was given Sudetenland ONLY if he promised to not build an army. Hitler agreed to this only to right after, continue with his original plans or reforming Germany's army. He thought that the allies were weak. He claimed that people needed more living space and targeted Eastern European people. -
WWII: German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
In this pact Hitler and Stalin agreed that there was going to be no aggression towards each other. However, both knew this would never happen and did this just to buy time to build their armies and get prepared. Hitler did not want a two fronted war, this was absolutely NOT on his list. Instead he wanted to take the west out first. -
WWII: U.S Neutrality
U.S did not want to fight another war, they were bad off as they were and did not want to make things worse, they wanted to sit it out and fix the damage they initially had. European countries defaulted on human debate and didn't want to help. There was a large interventionist and non-interventionist debate. -
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World War II
World War II was a result of Hitler and his patriotism. With all the modern weaponry another World War was started. The depression in Germany fueling this and almost all countries still passing off the effects of WWI, another war was fought. This era comes close to the harshness that the first World War brought everyone. -
WWII: Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor was on December 7th, 1941. "A date which we will live in infamy" as FDR said. This was when Japanese planes attacked the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, on Hawaii territory. The bombing killed over 2,300 Americans alone. It completely destroyed the American battleship U.S.S. This bombing was to prevent the Pacific Fleet from interfering with the Japanese conquest of Dutch East Indies. -
WWII: D-Day
On June 6th, 1944 the United States and the allied troops invaded at Normandy. This had been the largest air, land, and sea invasion in all history. The original goal was to SURPRISE Germany, however Germany was prepared to fight. It was what we came to call the beginning to the end of World War II. -
WWII: Concentration Camps
Nazi's after 1945 began concentration camps and were a major way in which they imposed their control. They were ways to stop any opposition to the Nazi's. Some camps were even called Death Camps where they attempted to kill as many Jews as possible. As Jews came in they would be escorted to gas chambers, many were starved to death, worked to death, and exposed to epidemics and diseases. -
WWII: Battle of Atlantic
An important role in this battle was modern technology. Aircraft were extremely effective in protecting merchant ships, but the allied planes used earlier in the war didn't have enough range to offer air cover for the convoys all the way across he Atlantic. The Allied and Axis forces went against each other for control of the Atlantic Ocean.
