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Mandatory Public School
It was called the compulsory education law. Massachusetts became the first U.S. state to enact a compulsory education law in 1852. Every city and town is required to offer primary school and every single child has to go to learn about grammar and basic arithmetic. Parents that don't let their kids go to will be fined and can even be stripped of parental rights -
The Theory of Evolution
The Theory of evolution states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual's ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. This theory was developed by Charles Darwin, a English naturalist. This was not a popular belief because this contradicts Adam and Eve. -
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Transforming the West
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Workers Exploitation of the Chinese
When constructing a large project like the transcontinental railroad, there is going to be a great need of labor. This allowed jobs to be available which cause the immigration of Chinese people. They were treated horribly however. They were considered as the minority and taken advantage of. They did most of the work, but didn't get any create. They were ridiculed, many were racist, gave them many hours and not enough pay, and were the ones that had to do the most dangerous work. Many will die. -
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Becoming a Industrial Power
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Cattle
Beef began to be a popular food on the dinner table, which means the price of the cattle (longhorns) will also rise with it. In the north, the price per animal is $40 compared to the south $4. Since there is no railroad that connects the north and south, the south needed to take the cattle to the north by hand thus creating cowboys and cattle drives. However this beef craze only lasted about 20 years, then the beef prices dropped and cattle drives were no longer. -
Native Americans
Throughout the transformation of the west, the Native Americans are the ones that are most effected. They have been kicked off their land so many times, been attacked, treated unfairly. Also Americans take advantage of them, going back on the treaty to their benefit, tried to kill the natives with disease filled blankets. As well as trouble between different tribes and that white hunters are killing the native's food source. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire mean to allow to do or to leave alone in french. The whole idea of the Laissez Faire is about the government not interfering with economic affairs of private enterprise and the free market economy. They believe that things in the marker will work out on their own if the government does not intervene. Examples of intervention would be putting regulation, privileges, tariffs, and subsidies on the market goods. -
Immigrants
When building the transcontinental railroad, there were many people that migrated to the United States for the job opportunities, both building the railroad itself and the businesses that came along after the railroad was finished as well. People from all over like Swedish, Norwegian, German and the Chinese came to create a new future for themselves and changes the societies all around. -
Battle of the Little BigHorn
This battle was that the little bighorn river between the Americans led by General Custer and native tribes led by Sitting Bull. Americans wanted the gold that was on native land, so they sent an army to go get it. General Custer wanted to be hero and charge in blind without knowing how many natives were actually there. They were ambushed and slaughtered within a few mins. This is also knows as Custer's Last Stand. But newspapers and media portrayed Custer as a hero. -
Strikes Due to Exploitation
Because of the exploitation and the bad working conditions of the employees. They decided to go on strike, not working till they get better conditions. However there were many factors that made the strikes a failure, they didnt have enough money to continue striking, policemen keeps breaking up the strikes, they weren't organised. Then the Great Uprising began and things are starting to look up, but conditions are still bad. -
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The Gilded Ages
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Five and Dime Stores
The Five and Dime Stores are basically the Dollar store of today. These stores sell the cheap items or items that did not sell in the general stores for a really cheap price, a nickel or a dime. They have a wide assortment of stuff from household to groceries items. Frank Winfield Woolworth was the first to start this business that evolved into the dollar store we see today. -
Farmers
For some farmers during this time period did not make much money and actually were doing worst than they have before. Some places there were droughts that would no longer support the nutrients that the crops need, some had to many insects that would feed on the crops. The prices of the crops have decreases as well because of other foreign wheat that cost less. Many farms were foreclosed and because of this, a populist movement happened with the Granges that fought against this -
The Importance of Buffalo
Buffalo was the main food source of the Natives Americans. When they kill a buffalo they use everything from the organs to the bone to even the blood. They make sure everything is not wasted. They worshiped the buffalo and the Americans knew that it was their food source as well. They used that against them, killing the buffalo to collect their fur coats and leave the rest to rot while at the same time they are killing the native's food source. It was killing 2 birds with one stone. -
Exploitation
More factories has been built up to meet the demands of products which means that there is more jobs. However the companies want to make the most profit so to do that they pay the workers low wagees, no safety equipement, long work days (12 hours shifts). They were very strict on them and forced to work in silences. Many got hurt both children and adults, but the companies wouldn't help those who got injured. They exploited the workers because of their greed of money. -
Bessemer process
The Bessemer process was invented by Henry Bessemer in the early 1850. This process made it possible to make steel in a cheap way and in large quantities. They used what is called a molten pig iron and blows air through to make the steel. Andrew Carnegie was the first to invest in this process and because of it, he led the expansion of the american steel industry. He soon adapted and innovated it further. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
William F. Cody started his own wild west shows in the east to show people that did not move over to the west, what the west was all about. The shows included real cowboys, real Indians like sitting bill, cattle drives, lassoing, marksmanship. William Cody was also a former scout and buffalo hunter himself and since those times are over, he thought that producing the shows in the east would benefit him as well as the people of the east -
Coca Cola
Coca Cola as been around for a long time, but they are not like what they are now in the present time. In 1880s to 1930s Coca cola had cocaine in it because it was first invented to be a medicine. Back then, cocaine wasn't seen as the bad drug that is it today, so kids could drink the cocaine coke. That is also how the brand got its name. The drink was addictive and has "feel good" sensation so it became popular. Now of course, Coke no longer contains cocaine and is an American staple brand. -
Haymarket Riot
This riot began due to the Great upheaval of 1886 just days after. This was a riot to protest the several workers that were killed by the Chicago police at a reaper plant. So to get back at them, the protesters began to riot in Haymarket Square, when policemen around 300 or so began to break up the crowd, someone threw a bombs towards the policemen and cause mass chaos. At least 7 policemen died and many injuried. This riot made things go from bad to worse. -
Ghost Dances
It was a religious movement that traveled to the tribes of native Americans and american Indians from all over. The ghost dances started due to the anger of what the Americans have ruined their lives and the hope of ending the white invaders and getting their land back. They thought that if they did the ghost dance during the night, everything will get better for them like getting their land back and that buffalo will flourish again. This was also known as the Round Dance. -
Monopolies
Sadly this is not the game that we know and love, but it does involve a lot of money. A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity and that happened a lot in this time era. Many business like the railroad companies which took a sector of the economy. These people were very powerful and influential. They would bribe the elected officials and manipulate the stock prices. They often abuses charging prices towards the public. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the theory of natural selection of only the best in social, political,and economical would survive. In a short definition, its the theory of "Survival of the Fittest". Most of social Darwinism is the thinking that whites are the superior race and therefore destined to rule over all the other races. Since the white race are the usual richer ones, some people saw it as the "Survival of the Richest", or rich versus the poor. -
Ethic Communities
When the immigrant came over to America, they began settling in areas with others that are ethically similar to them. For example Italian immigrants tend to go where all the other Italian settle in a certain area, which will be seen as Little Italy or Chinese immigrants which then make Chinatown. This happens because they find it comfortable, non-discriminated and easier to find jobs within their culture. Many don't even learn to speak English because they stay in their enclaves. -
Literacy tests
As more and more immigrants come into america taking jobs and spaces in the cities, the "Americans" began to worry about the minorities population and the idea of nativism started to spread. As in they want to preserve those who were the original Americans and lessen the immigrant population. To do this they issued literacy tests which only allowed immigrants that can read to pass through. Most of them could not read so the population coming in lessen. -
Currency reform
During this time there were a lot of issues due to the lack of structure and unity of the currency system. Some people like big business and republicans wanted hard money which is gold because that's what makes the most money for them and they wanted it to keep it like that. Some people like the laborers and democratics wanted paper money which is back ups by silver. They hoped that the inflation would help the economy. Soon the Sliver act was formed as a compromise. -
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Imperialism
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Populist's party
Also know as the People's party, this was the 3rd party to join the Democrats and republicans. This party was made up of farmers, workers, and reformers to fight corruption and greed. They also wanted to eliminate monopolies. However most 3rd parties never last and this one is not the exception either. Both of the other parties began attacking the populist party and soon it will fade away. -
City Beautiful Movement
This was a movement that reformed the north american architecture and urban architecture. They are trying to renovate the monuments, roads, and city building to reduce or eliminate city problems. Large parks in the city were created so that there would be a change of scenery instead of all the mechanical tech stuff city life. They were built to try to get away from all of that and enjoy themselves. -
Mail and Order Catalogues
The biggest cataogues started when Richard Sears investing in a bunch of pocket watches knowing that since time was now regulated, they would want one. He came up with the idea of shipping the watches to those who could not come to him using the postal railroad system.It was such a success he decided to expand it to all kinds of things and made a book of mail and order catalogues. It was cheap, easy to order, fast, and it shipped right to you. The Sears Catalogue was a success. -
Depression of 1893
This depression or panic was caused by the Silver act and the currency reformation. Why? Because at first inflation happened and that helped a lot of people with their debt, but it also included higher tariffs. Then the price for sliver plumped and so did the currency thus sinking the economy. Most people lost their jobs, those who still has a job, their salary was cut. The depression lasted 4 years and everyone was effected. This was one of the biggest depression that the US has ever been in. -
Middle Class
As people get promoted to the desk jobs which mean better raises and others get their business raising their pay as well. Soon they began making more money than the factory workers thus developing the middle class. They soon to realize that since they now have money, they moved to the suburb away from those "less" and the immigrants, plus they had the money to get to and from their house and cities. They are also having less kids because they are considered more as a privilege. -
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The Progressive Era
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Yellow Journalism
Also known as the Yellow press, this is a newspaper company that spread news that is filled with crazy exaggerated and blow out of proportionals headlines in order to get the most sales no matter how unreasonable it may seem. The company was run by William Randolph Hearst and his partner. Because humans will believe everything that they see in the news.This newpaper will be the cause of many things like the Spanish-American war. -
Klondike Gold Rush
This was the last major gold rush that was said as a revival in american sprite. It was said that there was a place in the Yukon region of Canada that was covered in gold. Soon, people began running towards Canada in hopes to make it rich. However the trip there was a horrendously cold, hard and long. Some died, some lost the enthusiasm to continue and turned back but for those who did made it had found no gold, but instead learned a lesson about themselves that they never knew before. -
"New Women"
The middle class also brought a whole new type of women. These women were typically in the middle class that have a lot of leisure time, they are working jobs that women could not do before. Many are attending colleges and overall the women's role in society is beginning to increase during this time period. However they are still judged an criticized by even the smallest type of skin is being shown. They are also champion temperance and suffragettes. -
Rough Riders
The Rough Riders were led by Teddy Roosevelt due to the Spanish-American war. They were the first volunteer Calvary. Roosevelt even quit as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy to lead them because he liked being in battle more. The rough riders were a group of mixed people like cowboys, cops, athletes, Indian scouts, & African Americans. Soon their numbers grow over 300,000. They were a huge asset to the war. -
Territories acquired
After the victory of Spanish- American war that only lasted, America took some of the land away from the Spain. The territories are Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico and soon to be Cuba. In the Philippines was the very first battle called Manila Bay and the Spaniards are were blown away, literally. Hawaii was not a Spanish country but we also did acquired that land because no one had control of it yet. This started our imperialism -
Hawaii
The Hawaii was not a Spanish territories, but an unclaimed land at the time. The United states soon claimed due to the resources and convenience that it brings. They liked that it was directly in between the Atlantic close to Russia and US, so we have easy access front, also because of the cash crop sugar that is produced there. Pearl Harbor was built there and used as a strategic base. Sanford Dole overthrew the Queen Liliuokalani and became president of Hawaii. -
U.S.S. Maine Incident
The U.S.S Maine was a fleet that sailed to the Havana Harbor used to protect the Cuban areas with american properties and people. However on February 15,1898, the navel ship exploded with such force and magnitude that killed 260 of the crew. Some said that the explosion was because of a mine, some believed that it was the Spaniards that put it there due to the yellow press. However it was mostly likely a fault ship design because the coal room was right next to the magnetize room -
Wizard of Oz
This movie/book is actually and economic fairy tale and not just the fiction version you know. It represent american and the age of the gold standard. Everything in the movie represented something, yellow brick road was gold, scarecrow was the farmers, tin man was the industrial workers, the cowardly lion was William Bryan, emerald city was Washington DC, and dorthy shoes were sliver not ruby represented the silver. The whole story line fits the things that were happening during this time. -
Big Stick Policy
Teddy Roosevelt believes in a foreign policy that says "Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far”. This saying is a metaphor for dealing with any type of foreign countries and/or polices. "Speak softly" part means that we should negotiate and speak calmly to work things out. "carry a big stick" part means that just in case things don't go well you would have something to defend yourself with. Teddy's big stick would be the Navy in this case. So in cap, always have a backup plan. -
Platt Amendment
This amendment to the new Cuban constitution authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make treates with other countries that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, most notable being Guantanamo Bay. So basically Cuba is now going to be under the rule of US like a puppet on strings. -
Philippines- American War
when they were under Spain rule, they tried to revolt against Spain and now they are trying to the same thing to America because after the Spanish- American war, we got control of Philippines. They revolted because like how we got our independence, we ruled from overseas and the Philippines did not want to be ruled over like that. The war was bloody and had lots of causalities, they are used the guerrilla warfare tactics. However it was an american victory and not a Philippines one -
"Teddy Bear"
The popular stuffed animal got its named from the youngest president Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt. Many knew that he loved to hunt. So when Roosevelt participated in a bear hunting trip in Mississippi, some men wanted to please him so they captured a cub bear for Roosevelt to kill. But Roosevelt did the opposite, he was revolted, said that it was nonhuman and told them to release the poor creature. News spread and everyone loved what he did and the teddy bear was named after him -
Trustbuster
Theodore Roosevelt was a very successful president and because of this he was very likable. One of the things that he did during his time as president was busting up trusts. He broke trusts that were not for the public's best interest like Rockefeller and JP Morgan. Thus getting his nick name "trust busters". All he really did was enforced the Anti trust act and took them down -
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was a novelist and journalist that wrote the book "The Jungle" which was about a poor struggling immigrant family. The book talks horrors of the meat industry about because there was no regulations, the meat that is process could have rat feces, severed fingers, or rotten meat itself. All the companies wanted was money so they didn't care about the quality of meat for the people. He wanted to shock people into socialism. -
Muller vs Oregon
This is one of the most important case in the progressive era as well as another step towards bettering women's living and work style. In 1903 Oregon has passed a law that said women could work no more than 12 hrs. A woman in Muller's Laundry was required to work more than 12 hours. Oregon saw that as violating a law so they took Muller to court. Louis D. Brandeis was the defendant for reformation of workers. He won with a vote of 9-0 and so the states regulate women's working time -
Temperance
Temperance is the act of banning or lessening the use of alcohol. Women were a really big fan of this movement because they are usually the victims of the influence of alcohol. Their husbands come home drunk and beats their kids, wife and even hurt themselves. Many unions were created to stop alcohol. One of the union was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), many joined and made a change. The 18th amendment was the result of this that passed in 1920. -
Henry Ford
He was the man that was for the public. When all the other automobiles companies wanted to expensive cars in order to target the higher class to make more money. Ford wanted to build a car for the public that is affordable and reliable. Also because he thought it would sell more than the expensive cars and it did. Once he perfected his Model T, it was on the market and was selling hot. By the end of 1908 he had already sold 15 million cars and 50% of the automobile industry. -
W.E.B DuBois
He was a African american prominent black intellectual in the progressive era. He was also among other things like American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. He was the first African american to get a Ph. D from Harvard University. DuBois was also a co founder of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He did many things to help gain the equality of colored people and end the Jim crow. -
Election of 1912
This election would have been an easy win for the republican Taft, however Roosevelt and Taft drifted apart and didn't have the same views anymore. Roosevelt picked Taft as his successor but then Taft has different ideas than Roosevelt that couldn't ignore. So Roosevelt runs again creating the "Bull Moose" Party thus splinting the republican party which allowed the Democrat party, Woodrow Wilson to win. -
17th Amendment
During this time, there were many corrupted congressman and political officials and because of this the rise of Muckrakers. Muckrakers are overzealous journalist that want to expose governmental scandals and corruptions. They raised awareness about these corruptions to the people. Soon they will support adding a new amendment that will allow the people to vote for their representatives like the senator into congress. -
Assembly Line Process
Henry Ford was the one that perfected the process that we know of today. It started when his Model T car came out and millions of orders were backed up because his workers could not make the car fast enough. Soon he began experimenting on how to make productions faster and he did, but not to his satisfaction. So he got the idea of putting the car on a belt that moves from station to station and each person does one job on the car. That is how the assembly line process was made. -
Central Powers
The Central powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the ottoman empires. Germany was considered the drama queen that blew everything out of proportions. Germany was also very strong and youngest country in the world. Both Austria-Hungary and Germany were in a bad place because they were surrounded by the enemies on 2 fronts. -
Allied Power
The allied powers were made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia. They were the biggest baddest powers with the most land, biggest army, and biggest navy power. France came into the war with Germany tried to storm in and take over Paris. Great Britain came in when they attacked France because they were allies. Great Britain declared war with Germany. Russia was allies with Bosnia so that how they joined. -
Panama Canal
This canal will connect the 2 oceans, Atlantic ocean and Pacific ocean. Making it the shortest route between Caribbean & Pacific and will help in transporting good to other areas in little amount of times. This was started with the French, but it was never finished due to many complications like disease due to the dense forest, not the right equipment and just the terrain. Soon Teddy Roosevelt will start the project up again and in 1914 it will open. -
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World War l
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand's Assassination
Ferdinand was the first domino to start the chain reaction that led to the first World War also called the Great War. He was from Austria-Hungary who visited Bosnia in hopes of trying to own it. There was a group called the Black Hand that were planning to assassinate Ferdinand with a bomb. However, that attempt failed and only soldiers were hurt. Ferdinand did not take the hint and was later killed by Gavrillo Princip, a black hand member when he was going to the hospital to visit the soldiers -
The Great Migration
The Great migration was the name for African Americans coming from the south to the north. It increased during the war because of all the men that were deployed for the war, there were shortages of workers in the factories. So many came from the south to the north to find jobs. There were still discrimination and prejudice for the jobs however. -
Picture Brides
So it was basically an old school dating "website", with a matchmaker. The term picture brides literally means what it says. Usually the brides are overseas while the Grooms are from the west coast, Hawaii, or Canada, typically of Asian descent. They are set up together by matchmakers, the brides will only using portraits and family recommendations to be match with their groom. This was an extremely important for these people to reproduce and start a family. -
RMS Lusitania
RMS Lusitania was the fastest most luxurious ship in the world sailed off with 2000 passengers. The people on the ship were not worried about having any U-boats hitting them because of the Sussex Pledge. The Sussex pledge was a promise from the Germans saying that they would not target any passenger ships. But that didn't happen, the Germans launched a missile at the Lusitania and sank the boat. 128 Americans died along with several others, this caused American to go into war, -
Industry During the War
The United States was the main supply of weapons during the war because we were neutral at first, but even after we joined the war, we still manufactured the weapons for the Allies side. All the factories that made everyday items were transformed into factories that builds weapons like guns, bullets, tanks, all kinds of things that were needed in war. Since most of the men were deployed, women had taken over in the factories along with African american people. -
Weapons of WWI
These weapons were developed during the war that causes millions of people to die in the war. Mustard gas created by the Germans, when breathe in makes the human go blind, burning of the skin and other horrible things. U-boats or submarines allow missiles to be shot under water undetected and damage cargo and passengers. Machine guns that only take one man to manage, but can kill thousands in seconds. So many of these weapons are dangerous and cause millions of causalities -
Zimmerman Telegram
This was a secret message from Arthur Zimmerman, a German ambassador to Mexico proposing an alliance with each other against United States. Germany was trying to turn the United State's focus away from the war and on to Mexico, so they began stirring up trouble and supporting Mexican troops. In the secret telegram, they convinced Japan to attack american colonies, but Britain intercepted the message and alerted the U.S. After that we wanted war and began an associate power in World War 1. -
Spanish Flu
Not only was the war causing many deaths, but there was a pandemic that spread worldwide called the Spanish flu. It was a new strain that no one really had a immune to. They did not know that it was a virus instead of a bacteria so a vaccine for the flu did not exist at the time. It started from american soldiers that went to battle in Spain and transfered it to the rest of Europe. Over 50 million people were infected and 30-40 million died because of it. -
Harlem Renaissance
It was a time period of artistic movement throughout the 1920s and 1930s that took place in Harlem, New York. It was a spurt of intellectual, social, and artistic explosion. Artists, musicians mostly jazz players, photographers, and writers were everywhere. Not only did African Americans adopt this, the whites did too. It made life more fun, more dancing and music, it made life better. It was also seen as black people trying to be more white, skin lighting and straightening their hair and stuff. -
19th Amendment
The major influence of the 19th amendment was during the war. Women had taken over the men's job in the factories and were needed. So if they were needed they had power over the factory's bosses. They had already started campaigns to fight for women's rights and equality, but now that they have some power, the movement shot forward to get what they want. More protests and campaigns begin to emerge and soon the 19th amendment was the result of these protests. -
18th Amendment
This amendment banned the making of alcohol in the 1920s. The banning was suppose to help reduce crime, but instead did the complete opposite. You know that if you are told not to do something, it makes you want to do it even more. Prohibition made the rise of mafias that make their wealth by producing the illegal alcohol. Speakeasies are underground bars from men and women to drink illegal. More gun violence when mafia clans clash over alcohol territories. -
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan over the years towards the 1920s have gain millions of followers. It increased as the great migration begin bringing in African Americans into the north. They also targeted immigrants, Jews, Catholics, and feminist. They even target those white males that won't join the Ku Kluz Klan. They create fear and terrorize these groups, killing many, lynching,and burning. They were a force to reckon with. -
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The 1920s
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Eugenics
The eugenics movement started to occur in the 1920s. They wanted to improve the human race by only reproducing good genes or selective breeding. Making humans healthier, better looking and other stuff that were considered as good traits. Those women believe in birth control and wanted to eliminate the bad genes like deformities, disease carriers genes, criminals, African Americans and things like that. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
So the United States has always auctioned off oil reserves to the highest bidder to make the most profit. Albert Fall, a member of the president's cabinet decided not to do that and secretly accepted bribes to sell the oil reserves to the buyer, no auction. That is against the law and soon enough there was a leak and the Senate begin investigating Fall. They found him guilty and he was the first member official to go to jail and was the largest political scandal till Watergate. -
Scopes Monkey Trials
This trial was between the State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes. John Thomas Scopes was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), that was pro towards the theory of evolution and Darwinism. He was a school teacher and was taken to trial when accused of teaching the children Darwinism. Defending his case, Clarence Darrow and the prosecutor was Williams Bryan Jennings. The trial was all over the radio, but things weren't good for Scopes. He was founded guilty and charged, -
Cars in the 1920s
In the 1920s, cars have been rising in numbers till it replaced the horses. This is because of the low price for the Model T, when Henry Ford perfected his assembly line making productions faster, cheaper and just a win for everyone. As more cars are being used, the streets have been cleaner because there were no horse poop on the roads any more. However the cars were run on oil and thousands of cars are on the road now, pollution of the air has gotten much worse. -
Charles Lindbergh
He was the first person to fly from New York to Paris, a whooping 3600 miles in 33.5 hours continuously. He had no radio, no gps, 5 ham sandwiches, water and a flashlight. He did it for the prize money at the age of 25. He won more than the prize money, he got famous, very famous. He made history, he went on tour around the world, thousands of people rushed to watch him land in Paris. He became so rich that kidnappers took his son for ransom. Sadly they didn't pay and the son was killed. -
Valentine's Day Massacre
When the 18th amendment occurred, it caused the rise of mafias and the most famous of mafia boss was Al Capone. His gang was fighting other clans for the alcohol trade, so on Valentine's day, they dressed up as police officers and stormed a rival gang's operation. They acted like they were going to confiscate the alcohol and made the gang members line up on the wall like they are about to be pat down. Then Al Capone's people would murder them with an automatic gun. -
Overproduction
This is one of the beginning signs of the Great Depression. This was also the first time in history that a depression is caused by overproduction or an overabundance of goods instead of a scarcity of goods. This was caused by our ability to mass produce goods in very little time, faster than Americans can consume them. Because there was so much product on the market, there was no need to make more, thus stopping production and factories closed laying off workers. -
Black Tuesday
These happened after the stock market crashed. People all around were frantic to sell anything for the lowest price even to try to make any money at all. They rushed to go to the bank and take out their savings and thing like that. It was a time of panic and frantically figuring how to save your stocks and get money. -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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The Crash (October 29, 1929)
This was the start of the depression and one of the saddest moments for people. The stock market had crashed. People invest most of their money in stocks and now it all gone. People had no money, nothing at all. Millions of people tried to go to the bank and take out their saving, but banks closed because they didn't have money, nobody did because it was all on credit. People were laid off, shops were foreclosed, poverty strikes everywhere. -
Election of 1932
The election was between Herbert C Hoover, the republic runner and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the democratic runner. This was Hoover's second time running for president, but things were not looking good for him. He was the president during the time America went into the Great Depression and he didn't do anything to help the people, so people already hated him. Roosevelt won easily and with the greatest landslide in the history of presidential elections. -
Public Works Administration
Also known as the PWA. It was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16, 1933. It allowed billions of dollars to flow into the economy to start projects or public works to increase employments, stabilizes power, improve public welfare and help revival of the construction industry. This was basically a way for to spend big money on big projects. This is all to help get out of the Great Depression -
Third Reich
A Reich is basically a time period of different rulers or the beginning of a new empire. The first Reich of Germany would be the roman empire, the second would be the Germany army, and the third Reich would be Germany under Hitler and the Nazis. In this time period, Hitler begins to work to build the army up again, using the Jews as a scapegoat and start working towards the goal of world domination -
Nazis's Concentration Camps
Hitler need someone to push the blame on the lost of WWI. He used the Jews as a scapegoat and discriminate them into the bad guy. It started off small like Jews had to go to different schools and gradually turned into something worse, concentration camps. They round up all the Jews into these camps either to work till they died or just die of other causes like disease, starvation, dehydration, mustard gas or turning into horrible science experiments. -
The Dust Bowl
This was another bad thing during the Great Depression. There was a major drought in the plains making the soil dry and turn in to dust and topsoil. This created static and soon the forces allowed for huge dust storms that happen often through out the great plains. Miles long and high, so thick you could not see anything and caused a lot of people to get respiratory problems. Many farmers left their farms to move to California to look for other sources of work. -
Securities and Exchange Commission
The abbreviation is SEC. It program is to basically protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. Their main purpose to to regulate the economy and protect the investors so that the great depression doesn't happen again. They help improve the standard of living, create more jobs and just things like that to help and protect things like bonds and stocks and people that need to be protected. -
Works progress administration
Also known as WPA, founded by Roosevelt and started during his First 100 days in office. This was a part of the New deal that Roosevelt promise to help the people get out of the Great Depression. This was the biggest and most ambitious thing that came out of the new deal because it employed millions of people carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor was married to Franklin D. Roosevelt and his right hand. She was also the first Modern First lady because of the things she did. The past wives of the president did not do much, Eleanor was most outspoken women in the white house. She gave press conferences and speeches. Eleanor was a American politician, diplomat and activist. She helped all kinds of races, ages, social status, she made a difference. -
Huey Long
Long was the governor and then later a senator of Louisiana that did not believe that the New deal would work. He was charismatic and using that to do speeches over the radio spreading his idea of "Share our Wealth" plan. Basically he promise to distributed money equality and not giving people too much or too little money. He was so popular that he was preparing to run for presidency, he wanted power. However he ended up being assassinated in 1935. Roosevelt called him a dangerous person. -
Adolf Hitler
He was the dictator and "savoir" of Germany. Germany was in terrible shape after the WWI and left in major debt because they had to pay for the rest of the world to rebuild their country as well as their own as well. Germany were is such depression, until Hitler came. He was charismatic, great speaker, and just a confident figure that rose to give Germany some hope. Soon he was doing things for the country and wanted to rule over the world, thus starting WW2 -
Alliances of WW2
The Axis powers are as following: Germany, the starter of the second world war with Hitler and the Nazis army leading, Italy, and Japan, who messed with the US and was pulled into war after US declared war on them. The Allies are as following: Great Britain and France declared war as a response to Hitler's invasion on Poland, United States join allies after declaring war on Japan, The Soviet Union and other nations as well. -
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World War 2
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Operation Sea lion
Operation Sea Lion was a code name for the Germany's Nazis. It was a plan for sneak attack or invasion on Great Britain during the Battle of Britain. They would have surrounded France's coast and was going to be prepared to invade. However, the operation was cancelled on Sep. 17, 1940 because it just wasn't going to happen. The scientist now, said that, even if Germany continued with Operation sea lion, they would still fail to take over because Britain's army is just bigger and better. -
Navajo code talkers
During WW2, both sides Allies and Axis powers had different codes that only they knew how to translate and that's how things were kept in secret. However, the Japaneses cryptographers were able to crack all the codes that america had used. But because of the Navajo language that in uniquely unknown by many, complicated to decipher because depending on how you say it, means a different thing. These Navajo code talkers were treated with the most respect because they helped us win the war -
Pearl Harbor
On December 07, 1941, a devastating surprised attack from the Japanese struck Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. This was one of the U.S. naval base. Japanese were in planes dropping bombs all over Pearl Harbor that damages lots of naval vessels and 8 enormous battleships, and at least 2,400 Americans died and many other wounded. This action caused FDR to declare war on Japan. -
Rosie The Riveter
You probable will be able to recognized this poster. Well during WW2, this was the most iconic posters of the working american women. That poster recruited an increase of over 10 percent of women into the industry business. The poster was made to help fill the gaping hole of jobs in the industry after the males went off to fight the war. By the end of 1945, at least 1/4 married women were working outside of their home. Huge propaganda campaign -
Fire Bombing
From the name itself you could already guess what the bomb is. It is a type of military tactic that uses a bomb to damage populated urban area through fire. The fire starts by an incendiary devices which begins the fire, then the wind carried the fire to mass proportionals. It was the most devastating bombing in Tokyo killing 100,000 innocent people. The bomb that was dropped on Tokyo was a "revenge" payback for targeting Pearl Harbor. -
Little Boy Bomb
This bomb itself was not so "little". It is 9,700 lbs and 10 ft long filled with enriched uranium. It was the first atomic bomb used against Japan in World War II, detonated over Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The results was a shock wave and firestorm, effectively destroyed around 4.7 square miles of the city, killing 70,000-80,000 and injuring another 70,000
