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Oil
As oil production and refining increased, prices collapsed, which became characteristic of the industry. The first oil corporation struck oil at a depth of sixty-nine feet. this was the first time that oil was tapped at its source using a drill. One of those who heard about the discovery was John D. Rockefeller. Because of his entrepreneurial instincts. Rockefeller became a leading figure in the U.S. oil industry. By 1870 oil was dominant in Pennsylvania. -
Period: to
TRANSFORMING THE WEST
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Homestead Act
The Homestead Act was signed in May 20, 1862. the purpose of this act was mostly a program to give land grants to small farm owners but it was later discussed to allowed Americans and freed slaves to claim 160 free acres of land by the end of the Civil War. -
Period: to
BECOMING AN INDUSTRIAL POWER
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Promontory Point, Utah
Two Corporations called Union Pacific and The Central Pacific came together to create transcontinental railroad. The Union Pacific build their railroad West while The Central Pacific build its railroad East and meet in Promontory Point in Utah on May 10 1869. -
Knights Of Labor
they'er the first important national labor organization in the United States, founded in 1869.It originated as a secret organization meant to protect its members from employer retaliations. Later it changed
were the Knights of labor belief in the unity of interest of all producing groups like shopkeepers, farmers and laborers it gave a system of worker cooperatives to replace capitalism. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire is an economic system in which places private parties aside and marketing/business are free from government intervention such as regulation. Laissez Faire reached its major point in the 1870s during industrialization as American factories operated with a free hand. A contradiction in which let to a lot of corporation in unfair competition in marketing. -
Battle Of Little Big Horn
On June 25, 1876 The Battle of the Little Bighorn. Close to the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory a small federal troops led by general George Armstrong Custer to go against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne Native American warriors. Problems kept rising since they discovered gold on Native American lands. Custer didn't knew that his federal troops were going to be out numbered and this mistake made him lose the battle. -
Period: to
THE GILDED AGE
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Exodusters
this is the movement of African Americans moving from states along the Mississippi River and into Kansas in 1879 called the Kansas Fever Exoduster Movement. It was the first movement of African Americans. The movement was for the hope of escaping Jim Crow laws of the south which consisted of racial segregation in all public facilities in southern states. -
Slums
in 1879 slums were were poor families lived with no sunlight hitting the building, no fresh air, and bad sanitation. This urban areas were called "dumbbell tenement" the tenements are apartment houses that fail to meet the minimum standards of safety, sanitation, and comfort. -
Light Bulb
Thomas Edison's first successful light bulb model, used in public demonstration at Menlo Park, December 1879 the light bulb was gas and oil based lighting but it didn't last. Edison continued to improve this design and on November 4, 1879 he invented an electric lamp using a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected to platina contact wires. This was the first well built Light bulb that was used. -
Killing Of The Buffalo
white people decided in order to get rid of the Native Americans they're going to get rid of the buffalo by killing them. Native Americans worshiped the buffalo and used every part of it to live. If there's no more buffalo their chance of survival will go down. this meaning their going somewhere else of they will die out too. -
Cowboys
cowboys played a role in to the expansion efforts. Cowboys herded and rounded up livestock that were transported by rail around the country for sale. Around 12 cowboys were used to move 3,000 head of cattle along cattle drives. By using Cowboys to round up the cattle the price for beef decreased for consumers. -
Farmer Alliance
The Farmers Alliance called is a organization that sand up to the federal government and asked to institute a "sub treasury program" to help farmers avoid being forced to sell their non-perishable crops on the market fro low prices. They also sought to protect farmers from industrial monopolies and promote regulations on commerce and tax reform. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed signed by President Chester Arthur.The Chinese Exclusion Act required the few non laborers who wanted to entry the U.S to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to enter. Chinese skilled and unskilled were employed in mining. Few Chinese could enter the country under the act. -
Pendleton Act
The Pendleton Act is a law to help Civil Service System to ensure that all United States government employees should be hired based on their skills, knowledge, and abilities so Civil Service made exams to prove employees worth in order to be hired.Before the Pendleton Act government employees were selected based on who they favor of the government or which political party they aligned themselves with. -
Civil Service Exam
The Civil Service Exam is test employers take to get a job in the 1880's since the government uses to employee people meant who were used to support the American political parties, though this was gradually changed by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 -
Buffalo Bill Wild West Show
William F.Cody also known as "Buffalo Bill" opened Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show at Omaha, Nebraska in May 19, 1883. The show had Indian dancers with paint and costumes performed the Ghost dance. It also showed the script of the war of little big horn. This is the very first time that American Indians appeared before a motion picture camera. -
Great Upheaval Of 1886
the Great Upheaval Of 1886 was a period of time in 1886 full of anger and big strikes, violence, and a lot riots. This was because of the economy going down which cause unemployment and low wages. in the same year the Hay-market Riot of May 1-4 occurred making people throw booms in factories and in police station killing 60 officers. -
Horizontal Integration
is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion. The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market -
Dawes severalty Act
authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians -
Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola history began in May 8,1886 in Atlanta by a pharmacist, Dr. John S. Pemberton, led him to create a distinctive tasting soft drink that could be sold at soda fountains. Before his death he sold portions of his company to different parties. Local Atlanta businessman Asa G. Candler acquired the rights to the formula as well as the “Coca-Cola” name and brand. He incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892 and expanded distribution. -
Steel
A British inventor shows Carnegie his method of making steel in a way that it can be mass produced. Carnegie build a massive steel works in Pittsburg. In August 1875 his plants are ready to test. 5 tons of molted metal and fire so hot it can vaporize a man in seconds. The first steel comes off the first modern production line. By 1880 he's producing 10,000 tons of steel a month, making millions a year. Pittsburgh grew to the industrial heartland of America. -
Period: to
IMPERIALISM
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts. President Benjamin Harrison signed the bill into law on July 2, 1890. this act was created to maintain free and regulated competition in business and made it a crime to any monopoly to take any part of trade or commerce in marketing competitions. -
Silver Act
The Silver Act was part of a broader compromise. The silver Act was Sides with the Democrats that gave their support to McKinley Tariff in return for Republican votes for silver.Prices of products went up making the price of silver to decline. While silver was going down the government change silver to gold. -
Child Labor
Children had always worked most came from poor families. A child with a factory job might work 6 days a week, to earn a wage of 40 cents to $1.10 per night. Many children began working before the age of 7, tending machines in spinning mills or hauling heavy loads. The factories were often damp, dark, and dirty. Some children worked underground, in coal mines. By 1810, about 2 million children were working 50 hour weeks. until a law was passes in 1922 to stop child labor. -
Depression of 1893
The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the U.S. This panic was marked by the collapse of railroad overbuilding and financing which set off a series of bank failures. What causes this was The switching between Silver and Gold making prices go up and the value of money go down. -
Worlds Columbian Exposition Of 1893
The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 was the first world’s fair held in Chicago. Taking over 600 acres of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Jackson Park of Chicago. This fair was created to celebrate the anniversary of when Columbus arrived to the new world in 1492. This promoted Chicago as the best second city after New York.More than 150,000 people passed through the grounds each day during its six-month run from May 1, 1893 - October 30, 1893 -
Cuba's independence
The Cuba's war for independence. was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War and the Little War in 1897. The final three months of the conflict escalated to become the Spanish–American War, with United States forces, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine forces were Islands against Spain. Historians disagree as to the extent that United States officials were motivated to intervene for humanitarian reasons. -
Gold vs Silver
gold argue that they will maintain the economy in order while silver will only ruin the economy. Those who were in favor of gold were called "the gold bugs." While those in favor of silver were called "Silverites" they argue if you print money on silver you will help the economy since there was more silver then gold and flexible economy was better. When president William McKinley came to the presidential he declared gold to be the official standard. in the other had -
Period: to
PROGRESSIVE ERA
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election of 1896
U.S presidential election of 1896 was between William McKinley a Republican and William Jennings Bryan a Democrat.The campaigning of this 2 were considered the most dramatic and complex in American history. What made this campaign dramatic was the ending of the Third Party System And economic issues like the gold standard, free silver, and the tariff. -
U.S.S Marine Incident
The battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor. 268 men were killed, of the two-thirds of the crew who perished only 200 bodies were recovered and 76 identified.shocking the Americans. The sinking of the Maine. In the American press, headlines proclaimed "Spanish Treachery!" and "Destruction of the War Ship Maine Was the Work of an Enemy!" because of this Americans assumed the Spanish were responsible for the Maine's destruction. -
Battle of San Juan Hill
The battle of San Juan Hill also known as the battle of San Juan Heights is the one of the most significant U.S and one of the final battles of the Spanish American War. After the Battle of Las Guasimas in Cuba General William Shafter planned to take Santiago de Cuba the island’s second largest city but even so they declared victory -
Treaty of Paris 1898
The Spanish-American War had its origins in the rebellion against the Spanish forces that began in Cuba in 1895. The desperate measures that Spain took to suppress the guerrilla war, such as herding Cuba’s rural population In January 1898. In France, the Treaty of Paris is signed, formally ending the Spanish-American War and granting the United States its first overseas empire. -
Robber Baron
term for one of the powerful 19th-century U.S. industrialists and financiers who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through the formation of trusts, engaging in unethical business practices, exploiting workers, and paying little heed to their customers or competition -
Philippine-American War
After the defeat in the Spanish-American War, Spain lost their colony of the Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. On February 4, 1899 just two days before the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty, fighting broke out between American forces and Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo who sought independence rather than a change in colonial rulers. The ensuing Philippine-American War lasted three years -
Open Door Policy
For the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. The Open Door Policy was issued in the form of circular notes send by U.S. Secretary to Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russia. The Open Door policy was received with almost universal approval in the United States, and for more than 40 years it was a cornerstone of American foreign policy in East Asia. -
Boxer Rebellion
A Chinese secret organization called the "Society of the Righteous" and the "Harmonious Fists" led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. The rebels, referred to by Westerners as the "Boxers" because they performed physical attacks they believed would make them able to withstand bullets, killed foreigners and Chinese Christians and destroyed foreign property -
The election of 1900
The presidential election of 1900 is consider a rematch of the 1896 race between President William McKinley and his William Jennings Bryan. The return of economic prosperity and recent victory in the Spanish-American War helped McKinley to score is victory. -
MODEL T
Henry Ford’s revolutionary advancements manufactured and made the first car called the "Model T." The Model T was affordable for a the majority of Americans.This car changed the way Americans live, work and travel. More than 15 million Model Ts were built in Detroit and Highland Park, Michigan, and the automobile was also assembled at a Ford plant in Manchester. -
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
The meat inspection Act is an American law that was established in 1906 that makes it a crime to sell false meat and meat products being sold as fresh food, and ensures that meat and meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. -
MULLER V OREGON
A woman at Muller's laundry was required to work more than 10 hours. Muller was convicted of violating the law. His appeal eventually was heard to the U.S. Supreme Court. Oregon's attorney general agreed that Louis D. Brandeis should defend the law before the Court. Brandeis tried to show the Court that Oregon's law was a valid use of its power to protect the health of women. By a 9-0 vote Brandeis's strategy succeeded. -
Gentleman's Agreement
The Gentlemen’s Agreement was between the U.S and Japan in 1907. This agreement was represented by President Theodore Roosevelt to stop growing tension between the two countries over the immigration of Japanese workers. -
The Jungle
The Jungle is a novel produced and publication of Upton Sinclair’s in 1906. The book was a protest literature book that immediate a powerful effect on Americans and on federal policy. The book was to express harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the industrialized cities of the U.S. -
election of 1912
The presidential election of 1912 in the U.S was between 3 candidates, William Howard was renominated by the Republican. The Progressive Party called "Bull Moose Party" nominated Roosevelt and ran candidates for other offices in major states. Democrat Woodrow Wilson was nominated too. Woodrow Wilson won the presidential election. -
FEDERAL RESERVE ACT
The Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System which made central bank of the U.S to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. The law sets out the purposes of a function System as well as outlines aspects -
British Blockade of Germany
The Blockade of Germany occurred from 1914 to 1919. It was a prolonged naval operation conducted by the Allied Powers during and after World War I in an effort to restrict the maritime supply of goods to the Central Powers, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. -
German-American Discrimination
Because of the beginning of World War I has take its effect on German-Americans and their cultural heritage. Up until that point, German-Americans were grouped and had been spared from the other Americans in the U.S making them get discriminated, abuse and rejected. -
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WORLD WAR 1
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LUDLOW MASSACRE
The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard, Colorado Fuel and Iron Company camp guards to get rid of the colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado be cause this miners were protesting and striking against them. -
Panama Canal
the United States commenced building a canal across a 50-mile stretch of the Panama isthmus in 1904. The project was helped by the elimination of disease-carrying mosquitoes, while chief engineer John Stevens devised innovative techniques and spurred the crucial redesign from a sea-level to a lock canal. Opened in 1914, oversight of the world famous Panama Canal was transferred from the U.S. to Panama in 1999. -
No Man's Land
No man's land is land that is unoccupied or it is under dispute between parties who leave it unoccupied due to fear or uncertain claims. The term was originally used to define a contested territory or a dumping ground for refuse between fiefdoms. -
NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM
America became an urban and industrialized country. So many people moved to the cities so quickly, there was not a lot of resources to power houses for everyone. Factories consumed natural resources, creating pollution. So they started destroying landscapes and parks. In response president Woodrow. W created the national park system to save national parks and monuments -
Selective Service Act WW1
the Selective service was an act which Woodrow Wilson signed into law on May. The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months, some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the military draft. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act essentially made it a crime for any person to speak information intended to interfere with the U.S. armed forces prosecution of the war effort or to promote the success of the country’s enemies. Anyone found guilty would be subject to a fine of $10,000 and a prison sentence of 20 years. -
American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
The American Expeditionary Force are fighting men of the United States Army during World War I. A generic name sometimes applied to a military force dispatched to fight in a foreign country. Notable early adaptations include World War I and to support global combat operations. -
Spanish Flu
through 1917 and 1918 a pandemic virus classified as a swine flu the symptoms were pneumonia attack, dark spots would appear on the cheeks and patients would turn blue, suffocating from a lack of oxygen as lungs filled with a bloody substance. This flu was deadlier to infants and the elderly. -
14 Points
The 14 Points was a speech that President Woodrow Wilson address before a joint meeting of Congress. During Woodrow outline his vision for a stable long-lasting peace between America and the rest of the world following World War I. -
World Christian fundamentals Association
The World Christian Fundamentals Association was an organization founded in 1919 by the Baptist minister William Bell Riley of the First Baptist Church. The association was formed to launch a new Protestantism based upon pre-millennial interpretations of biblical prophecy, but soon turned its focus more towards opposition the evolution theory. -
The 18th amendment
The 18th amendment is the only amendment to get rid of alcohol. This was discussed since women would protest of banding alcohol since their husbands would get drunk and beat them. Congress took a look at this and took action in establishing the 18th amendment January 16, 1919 -
Treaty of Versailles
The end of World War I was officially declared and with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Negotiated by the Allied powers its was 15 parts and 440 articles reassigned German boundaries and assigned liability for reparations. After strict enforcement for five years, the French assented to the modification of important provisions. Germany agreed to pay reparations under the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan. -
Temperance Movement
the goal was to first voluntary abstinence, and finally to prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcohol. Because of the women protest many people became involved in reform movements during the early 1920s. Temperance movement also encourage their fellow Americans to reduce the amount of alcohol that they consumed. -
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
the kkk was at its most popular in the U.S during the 1920s, when its reach was nationwide. It's members were gather in the middle class, public activities,festivities, pageants, and social gatherings. In the 1920s they encouraged native-born white Americans to believe that harassment and extralegal violence were all perfectly compatible with, if not central to, patriotic respectability. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance was the development in New York City as a black cultural came together in the early 20th Century and the social and artistic explosion that resulted. Lasting roughly from the 1910s through the mid-1930s, the period is considered a golden age in African American culture, manifesting in literature, music, stage performance and art. -
Medical Insurance
in the 1920s, the cost of medical care rose because of growing demand and higher quality standards for physicians and hospitals. Families had more money to spend but less room in their homes to care for sick family members. Advances in medical technology, and the growing acceptance of medicine as a science led to hospitals as credible centers for treatment. They were now modern scientific institutions that valued antiseptics and cleanliness and used medications for the relief of pain -
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1920's
the roaring twenties -
Fall of The Ottoman Empire
The armistice ended the fighting between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies but did not bring stability or peace to the region. The British were in control of Syria, Palestine and Iraq. French and Greek forces stood ready to march across the Bulgarian border and occupy Ottoman Thrace and Constantinople. The Sultan, Mehmed VI, feared he would be deposed. The Allies however knew he was a figurehead and hoped that his retention would help ensure post-war stability. -
The 19th amendment
The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote and prohibited any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on their gender. This amendment was passed on June 4, 1919 but was also ratified on August 18, 1920 after a long struggle known as the women’s suffrage movement. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Tea Pot Dome Scandal also known as The Oil Reserves Scandal. The scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior, Albert Bacon Fall and Warren G. Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior, fall secretly granted to Harry F. Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome. -
Phone Operator
in the 1923 to reduce labor costs and usage increased to ensure privacy to the customer the phone systems became more sophisticated less direct intervention by the telephone operator was necessary to complete calls. -
American Indian Citizenship Act
American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted Native Americans citizenship even tho they weren't allowed to vote. Because of the "BE IT ENACTED" by the house of Representatives of the United States of That all Native Americans born within the territories of the United States will be citizens. This was also a sign to show them compassion of all the wrongdoing of whites did to them. -
reproductive education
in the 1920 was the beginning of the sexual revolution. It was the intermediate era in the development of public school sex education in America. During this period, many advancements were made such as eugenics,birth control, and social hygiene. Several new developments presented themselves that significantly influenced the development of modern sex education. -
Anarchists
Anarchist were people that cluster of doctrines and attitudes centered on the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary. Anarchist thought developed in the West and spread throughout the world. Amarchist grew in the 1925. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
In Dayton, Tennessee, the “Monkey Trial” was about John Thomas Scopes a young high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution to students. Teaching evolution was a violation of a Tennessee state law. Since families believed of the creation of man that is described in the Bible. -
Period: to
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
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Black Thursday
Black Thursday was when the stock market crash on October 24, 1929.That was the worst stock market crash in U.S. history, kicking off the Great Depression. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl also known as the "Dirty Thirties" was a period of time in the 1930s through 1936 that was filled with severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American prairies -
New Deal Coalition
The New Deal Coalition brought together liberal interest groups and voting blocks that supported the New Deal. The new supporters voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 through 1966, which made the Democratic Party the majority party during the Fifth Party System. -
Glass Steagall Act
The Glass-Steagall Act was to give greater stability to the banking system. Also, it sets regulations on the banking industry that guided it for over 50th years. The law separated commercial from investment banking, forced banks to get out of the business of financial investment, banned the use of bank deposits in speculation. It also created the FDIC. . -
20th Amendment
The 20th Amendment was created to eliminate "Lame Duck" presidents and legislators. Before the 20th Amendment the presidential term and the congressional term both started on March 4 of the year after the election. This amendment also failed to be accepted. -
Election of 1932
The United State presidential election held on November 8, 1932 was between Franklin D. Roosevelt a Democrat who defeated Herbert Hoover a Republican. The 1932 election was the first held during the Great Depression, and it represented a dramatic shift in the political alignment of the country. -
Adjustment Act
The Adjustment Act was a federal law passed by Congress as part of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. The law offered farmers loans of money in exchange for limiting their production of certain crops. The loans were meant to limit overproduction so that crop prices could increase. -
Homeland Defense
Americans having a small division of forces in the beginning that had been made to be the defenses against Japan, strong ground formations had been disposed on the Homeland defense perimeter. On Formosa and the Ryukyus was the Tenth Area Army with a powerful force of eight divisions to help the Americans -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust is the mass murder of some 6 million European Jews by the German Nazi regime during WW2. To Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, Jews were inferior race, an alien threat to German racial purity and community. After years of Nazi rule in Germany, during which Jews were consistently persecuted, Hitler’s “final solution”was the Holocaust, mass killing centers constructed in the concentration camps of occupied Poland. -
First 100 days
Once in office president Franklin Roosevelt went to work immediately. His "New Deal" involved regulation and reform of the banking system, massive government spending to by restarting the economy and putting people back to work, and the creation of a social services network to support those who had fallen on hard times in what later became known as the "First Hundred Days," -
Emergency relief Act
The United States Congress created the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). This organization's purpose was initially to distribute 500 million dollars in federal funds to state agencies. These funds were grants and not loans. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was signed into law by President Roosevelt on August 14, 1935. In addition to several provisions for general welfare, the new Act created a social insurance program designed to pay retired workers age 65 or older a continuing income after retirement. -
German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
On August 23, 1939, shortly before World War 2 broke out in European enemies Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, in which the two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. -
Invasion of Poland
German troops of 1.5 million invade Poland all along its border with German controlled territory. The German also bombed Polish airfields. they also used their warships and U-boats to attacked Polish naval forces in the Baltic Sea. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler claimed the massive invasion was a defensive action -
Period: to
WORLD WAR 2
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Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, and was attack by Japanese forces. Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy and damage nearly 20 American naval vessels, including eight enormous battleships, and over 300 airplanes. More than 2,400 Americans died -
Germany & Italy declare war on the United States (1941)
days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Germany declared war against the U.S in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government 1941. -
U.S Office of War Information
The United States Office of War Information or 'OWI" for short was a United States government agency created during World War II. OWI operated from June 1942 until September 1945. -
Executive Order 9066
The Executive Order 9066 was an United States presidential executive order signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and issued during World War II by United States. This order was so the army to evacuate any persons they considered a threat to national security. -
American/British bombing of Germany
After the U.S joined the war the British and Americans meet and they decided at Casablanca that they will open a bombing offensive against Germany. How they were going to do this was not decided, they both had different ideas. British wanted in daylight time while the U.S wanted to be at nighttime. -
Battle of the Bulge
Adolph Hitler attempted to split the Allied armies in northwest Europe by means of a surprise blitzkrieg thrust through the Ardennes to Antwerp. Caught off-guard American units fought desperate battles to stem the German advance at St.-Vith, Elsenborn Ridge, Houffalize and Bastogne. As the Germans drove deeper into the Ardennes in an attempt to secure vital bridgeheads, the Allied line took on the appearance of a large bulge, giving the battle its name.
