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History on education
→ first laws passed in 1803 relating to primary schools
→ beginning of 20th century almost everyone went to school
→ 1860s artistic schools opened up and later higher technical schools for men
→ women were preparing an emancipation movement (Aletta Jacobs, first woman to attend technical school, but only as observer) -
Period: to
Development welfare state
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1848
The constitution states to be more accountable for the poor and for education -
1870s
First social welfare laws were introduced -
1870s
The Dutch welfare state was modelled on Bismarck’s system. England had at the same time a welfare system as well, but just in the 20th century the system was comparable to Bismarck’s system -
1874
Van Houten's child law was passed. Van Houten was also responsible for a law extending men over the age of 25 could vote (important step towards democracy) -
20th century welfare state in the Netherlands
→ period leading up to the first war, the number of needing care increased
→ welfare state takes form of a social contract
→ social contract aimed at reaching common agreement between those in society who owned the factories and workhouses and those who worked there - both to support the existing capitalist economic system -
1901
Accident insurance law was passed -
Post war era
→ after the second world war, the Dutch government took recommendations of the Van Rijn Commission on a post-war social security system
→ how much people earned decided how much unemployed people would get
→ the government took it upon itself to provide for the costs of a safety net
→ the Catholic party strongly disagreed, with the desire to keep the role of the state limited
→ so you had the Catholics on one side and the Social Democrats and the Liberals on the other side -
Dutch version of welfare state
→ 1946-1958 the religious faction had a majority in ruling the coalition, this resulted in paid employment as a precondition for social security insurance
→ Labour party fought for pension for elderly in 1946
→ the introduction of basic pension (AOW)
→ 1949 unemployment benefit law was passed
→ 1950s laws were passed for people who were chronically sick
→ 1962 a child support law came onto the statute books
→ 1967 the WAO (law of disabled) was passed on -
Education after 1970
→ education became an instrument for promoting self-respect and ambition
→ educational aspect in welfare state- provide skills and get ahead of society -
1980s
→ the era after the second world war up to mid 1980s was a period of expansion of the welfare state
→ from the mid 1980s a new policy was adopted of trying the scale down the welfare state -
The main problems 1980s
- The internationalisation and globalisation
- The shift in demographics
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Women enter the labour force
→ accommodating women in the existing welfare laws and provisions that were traditionally for men
→ unfair payment and less chances than men -
Welfare state in bad shape
→ early 1980s the Dutch economy was in bad shape
→ people were earning the same and benefits were cut by 3% -
Mid 1980s
→ people were still wrongly declared unemployed and benefited from the money (shadow)
→ government reduced the number of these kinds of benefit claimants
→ mid 1980s Lubbers reformed the social security system, an attempt to reduce the number of (shadow)
→ costs were not easy to control
→ the conditions attached to receiving benefits, such as the obligation to find work, became more strict -
Education after 2000
→ impact of education was really obvious
→ women and men same chances
→ less physical labour and more technology