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Industrialisation
Industrialisation (or industrialization) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one. It is a part of a wider modernisation process, where social change and economic development are closely related with technological innovation, particularly with the development of large-scale energy and metallurgy production. It is the extensive organisati -
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Poverty
Victorian era, in particular, had an extreme poverty, as a result of the classes (upper class - low class), were created during this era. In order to save themselves, poor Victorians had to go through two ways. Those ways were either to live in institutions as humiliated people, or to live in streets as homeless. The first way had a bad result, because the paupers were treated badly. Firstly, the married couples were separated, and they were given only one meal per a day. Secondly, The children -
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Charles Dickens
What characterized his works:
- Linguistic creativity
- Satire - A mixture between fantasy and realism -
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Cornlaw
The Corn Laws, in force between 1689 and 1846, were designed to protect English landholders by encouraging the export and limiting the import of corn when prices fell below a fixed point. They were eventually abolished in the face of militant agitation by the Anti-Corn-Law-League, formed in Manchester in 1839, which maintained that the laws, which amounted to a subsidy, increased industrial costs. After a lengthy campaign, opponents of the law finally got their way in 1846--a significant triumph -
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The British Empire
The British Empire was the greatest empire the world has ever seen, and for more than a century Britain was the foremost global power.The years 1815 to 1914 are referred to as Britain's imperial century, and at this time, the Empire included over 14 million square miles of territory and 450 million people. It included more than a quarter of the world's population and it was said that the sun never set on the British Empire, a phrase attributed to a Scottish writer, John Wilson. With supremac -
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Queen Victoria
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Prince Albert
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Queen Victoria – Parliament
Parliament was made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Commons had about 300 MPs, who were elected to represent their various constituencies. The party with the most MPs was the ruling party. During the Victorian era, the two main parties were the Conservatives (at the beginning of Victoria's reign they were called the Tories, which is still their nickname) and the Liberals (who used to be the Whigs). In the late Victorian era the Labour party was created, but it did not have -
Economy policy
The British Empire was the greatest empire the world has ever seen, and for more than a century Britain was the foremost global power.The years 1815 to 1914 are referred to as Britain's imperial century, and at this time, the Empire included over 14 million square miles of territory and 450 million people. It included more than a quarter of the world's population and it was said that the sun never set on the British Empire, a phrase attributed to a Scottish writer, John Wilson. With supremac -
New reforms 1
Victorian era, in particular, had an extreme poverty, as a result of the classes (upper class - low class), were created during this era. In order to save themselves, poor Victorians had to go through two ways. Those ways were either to live in institutions as humiliated people, or to live in streets as homeless. The first way had a bad result, because the paupers were treated badly. Firstly, the married couples were separated, and they were given only one meal per a day. Secondly, The children -
The rise of the novel - Serialization
Serialized fiction surged in popularity during Britain's Victorian era, due to a combination of the rise of literacy, technological advances in printing, and improved economics of distribution.[4] A significant majority of 'original' novels from the Victorian era actually first appeared in either monthly or weekly installments in magazines or newspapers.[5] The wild success of Charles Dickens' The Pickwick Papers, first published in 1836, is widely considered to have established the viability an -
Victoria marries first cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
hough queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy.[52] Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to meet her.[53] When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, whi -
The Great Exhibition
he Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations or The Great Exhibition, sometimes referred to as the Crystal Palace Exhibition in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held, was an international exhibition that took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 11 October 1851. -
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Crimean War
The Crimean War (pronounced /kraɪˈmiːən/ or /krɨˈmiːən/) (October 1853 – February 1856)[7][8] was a conflict in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and (to a lesser extent) the Piedmont-Sardinia (The Kingdom of Sardinia). Austria, while neutral, played a role in stopping the Russians. -
Child labour
The Victorian era became notorious for the employment of young children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps.[23] Child labour, often brought about by economic hardship, played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset: Charles Dickens, for example, worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in a debtors' prison. In 1840 only about 20 percent of the children in London had any schooling. By 1860 about half of the children between 5 and 15 were in s -
Reform 2
Reform Act extended the right to vote to all settled male tenants ( the electors were two millions in England and Wales). -
Reform 3
The Act and the 1885 Redistribution Act tripled the electorate again, giving the right to vote to most agricultural laourers. -
Official opening of the Tate Gallery, founded by Sir Henry Tate
When Tate first opened its doors to the public in 1897 it had just one site, displaying a small collection of British artworks. Today Tate has four major sites and the national collection of British art from 1500 to the present day and international modern and contemporary art, which includes nearly 70,000 artworks. A number of new developments are planned for Tate Modern, Tate Britain and Tate St Ives to ensure the galleries continue to expand. -
Women voting
The Act and the 1885 Redistribution Act tripled the electorate again, giving the right to vote to most agricultural laourers.
