The Tudor Dynasty

  • Jan 1, 1485

    Establishment of Tudor Dynasty

    Establishment of Tudor Dynasty
    King Henry VII captures the throne after winning the Wars of the Roses. He marries Elizabeth of York, uniting the Yorkists and Lancastrians under a single monarchy. Henry Tudor establishes a strong central government and sets the foundation for the English Rennaissance.
  • Jan 1, 1509

    A New King

    A New King
    Henry VIII, the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, becomes heir to the throne when his older brother Arthur dies. King Henry VIII is best known for his six wives and ruthless tactics. As an accomplished musician and artist, as well as a great advocate of arts and sports, he distinguished his reign through expensive foreign wars, ruthlessness, and a court life that embraced the ideals and lavishness of the Renaissance.
  • Jun 11, 1509

    Henry's First Marriage

    Henry's First Marriage
    King Henry VIII marries Catherine of Aragon, the former wife of his brother Arthur.
  • Feb 18, 1516

    Princess Mary

    Princess Mary
    A daughter, Mary, is born to King Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Henry quickly grows tired of his aging wife, and worries that she will not produce a male heir.
  • Jan 25, 1533

    Henry's Second Marriage

    Henry's Second Marriage
    King Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth I is born shortly after, on September 7 of that same year.
  • Jul 11, 1533

    Excommunication

    The English Parliament declares Henry VIII the Supreme Head of the Church of England, breaking any and all ties to Rome and the Pope, so that Henry can divorce Catherine of Aragon.
  • May 19, 1536

    Execution

    Execution
    Anne Boleyn is tried on counts of high treason, witchcraft and incest, all of which were most likely fabricated by Thomas Cromwell, Henry's chief minister and the 1st Earl of Essex. Anne Boleyn is executed on
  • May 30, 1536

    Henry's Third Marriage

    Henry's Third Marriage
    King Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, who quickly becomes pregnant and gives birth to Edward VI. Jane dies from fever only days after childbirth; Henry is devastated.
  • Jan 6, 1540

    Henry's Fourth Marriage

    Henry's Fourth Marriage
    Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the daughter of a Protestant German duke, creating an alliance with Protestant Germany. The marriage fails, and Anne agrees to a peaceful annulment, assuming the title My Lady, the King's Sister. Henry blames Thomas Cromwell for the marriage, and orderd him beheaded on July 28, 1540.
  • Jul 28, 1540

    Henry's Fifth Marriage

    Henry's Fifth Marriage
    Henry VIII marries the young Catherine Howard, who caught the King's eye while she was a lady in Anne of Cleves' chamber.
  • Feb 13, 1542

    Adultery

    Adultery
    It's discovered that Catherine engaged in an affair with Thomas Culpeper. She is convicted of treason, and both her and Thomas are executed.
  • Jul 12, 1543

    Henry's Sixth Marriage

    Henry's Sixth Marriage
    Henry marries Catherine Parr, a devout Protestant. Catherine is almost accused of heresy for preaching Lutheran doctrines to Henry in his ill health, but she saves herself by saying she had been arguing with Henry about religion to take his mind off of his ulcerous leg.
  • Jan 28, 1547

    A New Monarch

    A New Monarch
    King Henry VIII dies, leaving his son Edward VI as the sole legitimate heir to the throne (Elizabeth and Mary were reinstated to the line of succession, but were not legitimized heirs, since Henry's marriages to Catherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn ended in annullment and treason, respectively.)
  • Jan 1, 1549

    Protestant Reforms

    Protestant Reforms
    King Edward VI, while only a child, orders the publication of the Book of Common Prayer. This leads to the Prayer Book Rebellion, which ends with one in ten Cornish people being slaughtered from the orders of the Lord Protector Somerset.
  • Feb 1, 1553

    The Sickly King

    The Sickly King
    King Edward becomes ill, and fears that the accession of the Catholic Lady Mary would overturn any Protestant reforms made. He writes a new will, repudiating the will of Henry VIII, giving the succession of power to his cousin Lady Jane Grey.
  • Jul 6, 1553

    A New Monarch

    A New Monarch
    Edward dies of tuberculosis. Lady Jane Grey is proclaimed Queen of England. The public resents Jane's rise to power and instead supports Mary's claim to the throne. After only nine days, Mary takes control of the throne and has Lady Jane and her husband, Guildford Dudley, executed.
  • Jul 25, 1554

    A Royal Marriage

    A Royal Marriage
    Mary marries Prince Philip of Spain, despite the growing discontent among the English people. Queen Mary is remembered for the mass execution of Protestants in her quest for Catholic reform. She is known as "Bloody Mary."
  • Nov 17, 1558

    Bloody Mary Dies

    Bloody Mary Dies
    Queen Mary dies. Elizabeth becomes the next Queen of England. Elizabeth is remembered for reinstating the Protestant faith in England. The Act of Uniformity and the Act of Supremacy are passed by parliament, establishing the Protestant Church of England and declaring Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
  • Treasonous Plots

    Treasonous Plots
    A number of assassination plots are waged against Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth is persuaded of Mary, Queen of Scots' involvement in the planning of her assassination, and signs a death warrant. Mary, Queen of Scots, is executed.
  • The Spanish Armada

    The Spanish Armada
    Philip II of Spain launches an attack on England. The Spanish, commanded by Alonso de Guzman El Bueno, lose due to bad weather, and poor planning and supplies.
  • Bad Harvests

    Elizabeth introduces the Poor Law, which gives peasants that are too ill to work an amount of money from the state.
  • The End of an Era

    The End of an Era
    Queen Elizabeth dies without an heir, ending the Tudor Dynasty. James VI of Scotland, the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, becomes the new ruling monarch.