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The First Opium War (第一次鴉片戰爭）
The First Opium War (第一次鴉片戰爭), also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China. The immediate issue was the Chinese official seizure of opium stocks at Canton to stop the banned opium trade, and threatening the death penalty for future offenders. -
The Signing of the Treaty of Nanjing (南京條約)
The Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between the United Kingdom and China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese later called the unequal treaties. This also leads to Hong Kong severed from china and given to Great Britain as a colony. -
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The Taiping Rebellion (太平天國之亂）
The Taiping Rebellion, which is also known as the Taiping Civil War or the Taiping Revolution, was a massive rebellion or civil war that was waged in China from 1850 to 1864 between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the Hakka-led Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. -
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The Second Opium War (第二次鴉片戰爭)
The Second Opium War (第二次鴉片戰爭), also known as the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China,[4] was a war pitting the United Kingdom and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China that lasted from 1856 to 1860. -
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The Boxer Rebellion (義和團運動）
The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising, or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was an anti-imperialist, anti-foreign, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty. -
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Siege of the International Legations (八國聯軍之役)
The Siege of the International Legations occurred in the summer of 1900 in Peking (today Beijing), the capital of the Qing Empire. Menaced by the Boxers, 900 foreign soldiers, marines, and civilians and about 2,800 Chinese Christians took refuge in the Peking Legation Quarter. They survived a 55-day siege by the Qing Army and Boxers. The siege was broken by an international military force which marched from the coast of China, defeated the Qing army, and occupied Beijing. -
The signing of the Boxer Protocol (辛丑條約)
The Boxer Protocol was signed on September 7, 1901, between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance that had provided military forces (including Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United States, and the United Kingdom) as well as Belgium, Spain, and the Netherlands; after China's defeat in the intervention to put down the Boxer Rebellion. It is often regarded as one of the Unequal Treaties. -
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The Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命)
The Xinhai Revolution (Chinese: 辛亥革命), also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Revolution of 1911, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty (the Qing dynasty) and established the Republic of China (ROC). The revolution was named Xinhai (Hsin-hai) because it occurred in 1911, the year of the Xinhai (辛亥) stem-branch in the sexagenary cycle of the Chinese calendar. -
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The Wuchang Uprising (武昌起義)
The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang on 10 October 1911, which was the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution that successfully overthrew China's last imperial dynasty. The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty with five millennia of imperial rule, which commemorates the anniversary of the uprising's starting date of 10 October as the National Day of the Republic of China -
Kuomingtang (國民黨) Founded
The Kuomintang (KMT), also often alternatively translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a political party in the Republic of China-based in Taipei. Formed in 1919, the KMT was formerly the sole ruling party of the Republic of China from 1928 to 2000 and is currently an opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan. -
The Chinese Communist Party (中國共產黨) Founded
The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CPC is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. -
The Death of Sun Yat-sen (孫中山)
For many years, it was popularly believed that Sun died of liver cancer. On 26 January 1925, Sun underwent an exploratory laparotomy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) to investigate a long-term illness. Sun was hospitalized and his condition was treated with radium. He was transferred to the KMT headquarters and treated with traditional Chinese medicine. This too was unsuccessful and he died on 12 March at the age of 58. -
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The First Chinese Civil War (國共內戰)
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China (ROC) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) lasting intermittently between 1927 and 1949. -
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The Long March (長征)
The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934. -
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World War II (第二次世界大戰)
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. -
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The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (香港淪陷時期)
The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (香港日據時期) began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941. The surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the overwhelming Japanese forces that had invaded the territory. The occupation lasted for three years and eight months. The length of this period (三年零八個月) later became a metonym of the occupation. -
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The Second Chinese Civil War (國共內戰)
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China (ROC) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) lasting intermittently between 1927 and 1949. -
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The Great Leap (大躍進)
The Great Leap Forward of the People's Republic of China was an economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1962. The Local Officials collecting "surpluses" that in fact did not exist and leaving farmers to starve. Higher officials did not dare to report the disaster and took little or no action. The Great Leap resulted in tens of millions of deaths, about the same number of births were lost or postponed, making the Great Chinese Famine the largest in human history. -
The Death Of Mao Zedong (毛澤東)
Mao's health mostly declined in his last years. Smoking may have played an important role in his declining health, for Mao was a heavy chain-smoker during most of his adult life. He suffered from multiple lung and heart ailments during his later years. Mao suffered two major heart attacks in 1976, one in March and another in July, before a third struck on September 5, rendering him an invalid. Mao Zedong died nearly four days later just after midnight, at 00:10, on September 9, 1976, at age 82.