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Sep 25, 1555
The Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg happened in September 25, 1555 and it was the first evidence for the existence of two religions in Germany - Lutheranism and Catholicism. The people were able to choose between following either Lutheranism or Catholicism.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-Augsburg -
Period: to
King Christian IV of Denmark
King Christian IV was one of the unsuccessful rulers of Denmark. He lost a couple of important battles against the Swedes and led it into the Thirty Years war.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-IV -
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Maximilian I
Maximilian I of Bavaria is the creator of the Catholic League, which was meant to fight against the Catholics.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilian-I-duke-of-Bavaria -
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King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
King Gustavus Adolphus was one of the greatest leaders of Sweden. He led the country to a numerous victories and made it one of the greatest European powers.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustav-II-Adolf -
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Ferdinand of Styria
Ferdinand of Styria became a king of Bohemia in 1617 but since people did not like him very much they elected Frederick V as the new king in 1619. After number of victories and help from other countries he became again a king of Bohemia in 1620. He ruled until 1627.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor -
Defenestration of Prague
The Defenestration of Prague happened in May, 1618 when two royal officers were hurled from a window. The Defenestration is considered as a central event for the beginning of the Thirty Years' War
https://www.britannica.com/event/Defenestration-of-Prague-1618 -
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The Bohemian Period
The Bohemian Period was marked by the Defenestration of Prague in May, 1618. Ferdinand was declared deposed and the throne was consequently offered to Frederick V (the elector palatine). The revolts were
http://www.thecaveonline.com/APEH/thirtyyearswar.html -
The Battle of White Mountain
The battle was held in Habsburg, Bohemia and is significant because it was the first major victory of the Roman Catholic people in Habsburg over the Protestant union. It also established a new constitution in Germany that lasted very long time.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-White-Mountain -
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King Philip IV of Spain
King Philip IV was a king of Spain and Portugal during the Thirty Years war. He failed to bring back the previous power of Spain. -
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Cardinal Richelieu
Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu was the cardinal of King Louis XIII. He made France centralized by restraining the royal power.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cardinal_Richelieu -
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The Danish Period
The Danish period marked the time of the Protestant-Catholic wars. The Protestants led by Christian IV were defeated by the Catholics headed by Albrecht von Wallenstein and the Emperor Ferdinand. The end of this period was marked by the Treaty of Lubeck.
http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/danish.html -
Treaty of Lubeck
The Treaty of Lubeck is a document which stops Denmark from fighting in the Thirty Years war makes it end all alliances with North Germany. It was an agreement between Albrecht von Wallenstein and Christian IV of Denmark, which returns all the possessions that Christian had before the war.
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/thirty-years-war-the-danish-period.html -
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The Swedish Period
The Swedish period was the time when Gustavus Aldophus became one of the greatest leaders of the Swedes. His Protestant army wins against the Wallenstein in the battle of Lutzen, but Adolphus was killed. Later Wallenstein allied with the Swedes but was assassinated when the Emperor learned about that.
http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/swedes.html -
Battle of Lutzen
The battle of Lutzen represented the fight between Swedish Protestants led by King Gustavus Adolphus and the Catholics led by Albrecht von Wallenstein. The Protestant won by which they could stop the Catholic threat to Saxony but still they lost many people in the fight and most importantly their king. By loosing their leader they now longer were the same strong power.
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars16011800/p/lutzen.htm -
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The French Period
The French Period marked the wars between the French Bourbons and Austrian Hapsburg. Cardinal Richelieu of France wanted to stop the rising power of Hapsburg so he joined the Swedish armies in Germany. This war became more political rather than religious.
http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/french.html -
The Treaty of Prague
The Treaty of Prague signifies the end of the Austro-Prussian war and the end of the Swedish period. Hapsburg becomes stronger while Germany weakens because the only remained power there is the Kingdom of Prussia.
http://thirtyyearswar30.weebly.com/treaty-of-prague.html -
The Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years war and recognized the new boarders of Europe. The Netherlands united while Portugal became independent. The Northern Europe defined as Protestants while The Southern as Catholics.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-Westphalia -
Treaty of Pyrenees
The Peace of the Pyrenees signifies the beginning of the French hegemony. It marked the end of the argument between Luis XIV of France and Philip VI of Spain also known as the Franco-Spanish war.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-the-Pyrenees
