The Thirty Years War by Ivaylo Tsochev and Nikola Ilkov, 10/4

The Peace of Augsburg

Sep 25, 1555

The document allows local rulers to choose one of the religions: Catholicism or Lutheranism.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-Augsburg

Christian IV of Denmark

Period: Apr 4, 1588 to Feb 28, 1648

-leads Denmark into the 30 years old
-two unsuccessful wars against Sweden
-concentrates on economical development of the country
-rules more than 50 years Source:https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christian-IV

Maximilian I of Bavaria

Period: Oct 16, 1597 to Feb 25, 1623

-Jesuit education
-counteracts the Protestant Union
-expanded territories
-earns the tittle of "elector" Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Maximilian-I-duke-of-Bavaria

Cardinal Richelieu king Louis XIII

Period: May 14, 1610 to May 14, 1643

-Louis, son of Henry IV, de jure ruler
-Cardinal Richelieu, principal minister, de facto ruler
-war with Spain 1635
-because of the victory, Louis is considered one of the best rulers in Europe Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-XIII

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Period: Oct 30, 1611 to Nov 6, 1632

-ends war with Denmark
-leads war with Poland
-serious war in Russia
-cut Russia off entirely from the Baltic Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustav-II-Adolf

The Bohemian Period

Period: Apr 20, 1618 to Apr 20, 1625

-Began in Prague
-War between Ferdinand and Bohemians
-ends with Hapsburg and Catholic Victory Source: http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/thirty-years-war-the-bohemian-period.html

Defenestration of Prague

May 23, 1618

Considered the beginning of the Thirty Year War. A Catholic official broke the deal of the peace by closing Protestant chapels.
This caused a Bohemian revolt against the emperor Ferdinand II.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Defenestration-of-Prague-1618

Ferdinand of Styria

Period: Aug 28, 1619 to Feb 15, 1637

-Ferdinand II
-Holy Roman emperor (1619–37)
-leading the Roman-Catholic Counter-Reformation
-died in battle in 1637 Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ferdinand-II-Holy-Roman-emperor

Battle of White Mountain

Nov 8, 1620

-around Prague, Bohemia
-Roman Catholic Habsburgs vs. the Protestant Union
-the Habsburgs win
-established an authoritarian government in Bohemia Sourse:https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-White-Mountain

Philip IV of Spain

Period: Mar 31, 1621 to Sep 17, 1665

-alliance with Hapsburg dynasty
-victories against Dutch, Swedes, Weimarians
-France declared open war in 1635
-during his reign Spain was shaken by economic and social distress Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-IV-king-of-Spain-and-Portugal

The Danish Period

Period: Feb 16, 1625 to Feb 16, 1629

-Christian IV (from Denmark) opposes Ferdinand
-Danish people were defeated by General Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein's army
-ends with the peace treaty of Lubeck Source:http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/danish.html

Treaty of Lubeck

May 12, 1629

-Danish king Christian IV
-peace treaty between Denmark and anti-Hapsburg coalition
-end of Danish period Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Peace-of-Lubeck

The Swedish Period

Period: Feb 16, 1630 to Feb 16, 1635

-Gustavus Adolphus (from Sweden) enters the war with 13000 men army
-arrived too late; after the destruction of Magdeburg
-kills Johann Tserclaes in the battle of Breitenfield
-the Swedes were defeated in the Battle of Nordlingen Source: http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/swedes.html

Battle of Lutzen

Nov 16, 1632

-Gustavus II Adolphus (from Sweden) dies in the battle
-Swedes against Ferdinand II Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Lutzen

The French Period

Period: Feb 16, 1635 to Feb 16, 1648

-Cardinal Richelieu and the French army join the Swedes on the Protestant's side
-French Bourbons vs. Austrian Hapsburg
-ends with Peace of Münster Source: http://thirtyyearswar.tripod.com/french.html

Treaty of Prague

May 30, 1635

-ends Austro- Prussian War
-Hapsburg becomes a major power in Germany
-started Imperial Army for HRE
-prohibited alliences between states Source: http://thirtyyearswar30.weebly.com/peace-of-westphalia.html

The Peace of Westphalia

Oct 24, 1648

-Swiss independant of Austria
-Netherlands independant of Spain
-Protestantism would stay as a religion Source: http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/treaty-westphalia

Treaty of the Pyrenees

Nov 7, 1659

-between Louis XIV of France and Philip IV of Spain
-ends the Franco-Spanish war (1648-1659)
-ended the continuous warfare Source: https://www.britannica.com/event/Peace-of-the-Pyrenees