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Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Ausburg
Peace of Augsburg.It was established by Charles V in order to end the continuous conflict in Germany. The peace meant that Catholicism may co-exist with Lutheranism. People were able to choose another religion that was more convenient for them, and move to the region that was connected to their faith, which was a huge step forward. -
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King Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV Scandinavian kingHe led two unsuccessful wars against Sweden, bringing disaster upon his country by leading it into the Thirty Years’ War.But he benefited as king,promoting trade and shipping,also,leaving a national heritage of fine buildings. He won repute as a plucky,hard-drinking man of grim wit and great resource.He was officialy crowned in 1596 by then the Rigsråd,the Council of the Realm, governated the country. -
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Maximilian I of Bavaria
Maximilian I Duke of BavariaHe revised the law code, built an effective army, and tightened control over his lands and the church. To counteract the newly created Protestant Union, in 1609 Maximilian formed the Catholic League. In 1619 he sent the Catholic League’s army to fight the rebellious Bohemian subjects of Emperor Ferdinand II. Hee wanted in exchange all the lands captured by the league from the rebels and if there is a total victory, the transfer of the electoral rank held by the Bohemians’ leader, Frederick V -
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King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus of SwedenDuring the Swedish Golden age, he was founder of the Swedish Empire. Under his ruling, Sweden expanded to become the third biggest nation in Europe after Russia and Spain. He was one of the greatest military generals in all of history, given as an example to military figures till nowadays. The Italians referred to him as "The Golden King" and others as "The Lion of the North. -
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Ferdinand of Styria as king of Bohemia
Ferdinand IIIn 1617 he was recognized as King of Bohemia.In 1619 the Protestant of Bohemia deposed him, electing Frederick V, Clavinist, as their king. This marked the beginning of the Thirty Years’ War. Ferdinant is elected Holy Roman emperor in the same year. Ferdinand gained support from Spain, Poland, and various German princes as Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria. With the help of the duke, Ferdinant destroyes the rebels army at White Mountain, near Prague. -
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The Bohemian Period
The Bohemian PeriodFerdinand II began to persecute Protestants. In Prague two officials were thrown from a window from protestants and that was the opening act of Bohemian Rebellion. This was called The Defenestration of Prague. At first they were successful by electing Fredrick V as their king, who was a Calvinist. However, they were defeated at Battle of White Mountain by Tilly who was commanding the forces of the Catholic League. -
Defenestration of Prague
[http://www.heeve.com/modern-history/defenestration-of-prague-of-1618.html](Defenestration of Prague.) The reason for the defenestration is actually because two Catholic Imperial officials and their secretary were thrown through a window from fifteen meters height. Despite the fact that they weren't injured by the barbaric actions of the Bohemian Protestants, that showed Ferdinand II that they want their religious freedom granted by the letter of Majesty -
Battle of White Mountain
Battle of White Mountain The battle lasted for about an hour. The Czechs stopped fighting and started running away from the battle, the Catholics lost about 800 men, whereas the Czechs at least 4000. They soon lost the battle and the king left the city. -
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Philip IV Of Spain
Philip IV In the 1600s. he was the king of Spain and Portugal during the decline of Spain as a great world power.He is remembered for his failed struggle to revive Spain's prominence during the Thirty Years War and for his patronage of the arts. At1646, Philip instructed Luis Méndez de Haro to seek a peace. The Peace of Westphalia ended the war with the Netherlands and Germany. However, the fight will France (1659) ended many years after with the Treaty of the Pyrenees and the marriage of Pyrenees. -
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Cardinal Richelieu
Cardinal RichelieuHe was Louis XIII’s chief minister, and also was given a seat on the Royal Council. He attacked the Huguenots, also he reformed the navy and army. Moreover, he crushed any rebellions and advanced royalabsolutism. Richelieu is considered to be one of the greatest politicians in French history. -
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The Danish Period
Danish PeriodBegan when King Christian IV, a Lutheran ruler of Denmark, duke of Holstein,and a prince of the Holy Roman Empire,supported the Protestants in 1625 against Ferdinand II. However, Ferdinand got the assistance of Albrecht von Wallenstein who raised an independent army of 50,000 combining forces with Tilly and defeating Christian in 1626, occuping the duchy of Holstein. Rebels removed Ferdinand, Frederick V (Calvinist) is the new king. The Treaty of Lubeck of 1629 restored Holstein to Christian -
Treaty of Lubeck
Treaty of Lubeck<a The imperial armies were going through Germany. The treaty caused Denmark to leave the battle after suffering a few defeats. After making the treaty, Wallenstein won the lands, and everything he concoured withing the borders of the Empire. -
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The Swedish Period
Swedish PeriodThe new Protestant leader became King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.France and Sweden signed an alliance,and France entered the war against the Hapsburgs. Adolphus fought because he feared Emperor Ferdinand would become too powerful,the first time a political issue entered the war.In the beginning Swedes won,Tilly died.Ferdinand called on Wallenstein to form a new army.At the Battle of Lutzen, the Swedes defeated Wallenstein,but Adolphus died. Swedes soon defeated by Ferdinant in Germany. -
Battle of Lutzen
Battle of Lutzen The protestant army of Gustavus gets intlo a fight with Wallenstein. Gustavus starts a fight after Wallenstein gets into their territory, and with Wallenstein's 30 000 people army, while Gustavus's army is 20 000 people, he has a huge disadvantage. Even though Gustavus dies in the battle, his army wins and Wallenstein goes back to Bohemia. -
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The French Period
French Period In this period the war lost its religious character and has come to be political.Cardinal Richelieu, the real ruler of France, wanted to block the growth of Hapsburg power by interfering on the Protestant side. In 1635, Richelieu marched the Frence army into Germany and joined with the Swedish army. The Protestants and their allies had magnificent leaders, including Vicomte de Turenne and Louis II, the Prince of Conde. Emperor Ferdinand II died in 1637. New hope for Protestants in Germany. -
The Treaty of Prague
Treaty of Prague This is the end of the Austro- Prussian War. It also stopped all religious conflicts. The Treaty benefited Europe in general. -
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia It is the event that ends the Thirty Years War. For four years there is a peace conference until they get to an agreement and sign the treaty. It gives Switzerland and the Netherlands independence since they were controlled by Austria and Spain up to that moment. Protestantism was now an official religion. -
The Treaty of the Pyrenees
The Treaty of the Pyrenees It ended the war between France and Spain. Border costumes are being established so that people and goods can no longer cross whenever they want through borders. France annexed some Spanish territories that were on the borders.
