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King James I
James VI of Scotland and I of England (1603-1625): James was the first Stuart King and the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. He became the King of Scotland in 1567 and later inherited the English throne after the death of Queen Elizabeth I. James is known for commissioning the King James Version of the Bible and for his attempts to unite England and Scotland under one kingdom.
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Major events
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The Gunpowder Plot
A group of Catholics planned to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on November 5,1605. Their goal was to kill King James I and other Protestant nobles. The plotters stockpiled 36 barrels of gunpowder beneath the House of Lords.The plot was discovered. One of them, Guy Fawkes, was found guarding the gunpowder barrels. He was arrested and tortured. His co-conspirators were captured or killed.A song -
The Pilgrim Fathers
In 1620, a group of around 100 Separatists, religious dissenters, known as the Pilgrim Fathers, boarded the Mayflower ship and set sail for America. They intended to establish a colony where they could practice their religion without interference. After a difficult journey, they arrived at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in November 1620.
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Charles I
Charles I (1625-1649): Charles I was the son of James I and is best known for his conflicts with Parliament, which ultimately led to the English Civil War. He believed in the divine right of kings and clashed with Parliament over issues of taxation and religious reforms. Charles was eventually captured, put on trial, and executed in 1649. Watch the video -
The Civil War
Charles I and Parliament had a tumultuous relationship. He believed in the divine right of kings,that his authority came directly from God and was not subject to limitation by Parliament. Parl. believed in the role of representative government. The conflict escalated into the Civil War, (1642-1651). The king led the Royalist forces against the Parliamentarian army.The war ended with the defeat of the Royalists and the capture of Charles I.
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Charles II
Charles II (1660-1685) also known as the "Merry Monarch," was the son of Charles I. After the English Civil War and the period of Oliver Cromwell's rule, Charles II was restored to the throne. His reign was marked by a period of restoration and relative stability. Listen to the song -
James II
James II (1685-1688) was the younger brother of Charles II and the last Catholic monarch to rule over England, Scotland, and Ireland. His reign was marked by tensions between Catholics and Protestants, which led to the Glorious Revolution. James II was eventually overthrown and replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange. -
Mary II Stuart and William III
William III and Mary II (1689-1702): William III and Mary II jointly ruled after the Glorious Revolution. Their reign saw the passing of the Bill of Rights, which limited the powers of the monarchy and established parliamentary sovereignty. -
Queen Anne
Queen Anne (1702-1714) was the last Stuart monarch and the daughter of James II. Her reign saw the Act of Union in 1707, which united England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain. Anne's reign was marked by the War of the Spanish Succession and the growth of the British Empire.