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The Alliance of Russia and France
The 1882 Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy had left Russia vulnerable, while France had been diplomatically isolated since its defeat in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War and the subsequent policies of Otto von Bismarck. Despite the political differences between France, a republic, and Russia, an absolute monarchy, relations between the two countries rapidly improved. -
Creation of the Triple Alliance
In 1871 two new major states of Europe had been formed, the German Empire and the kingdom of Italy. Germany had allied itself with Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Three Emperors' League, but Austria-Hungary and Russia were not the best of friends, partly because they were at odds over the Balkans and partly because Russia represented the Pan-Slavic movement, whose program threatened the very existence of Austria-Hungary. -
The Triple Alliance
In 1879, Bismarck formed the Dual Alliance between Germany and Austria- Hungary. Three years later, Italy joined the two countries, forming the Triple Alliance. In 1881, Bismarck took yet another possible ally away from France by making a treaty with Russia. The Triple Alliance was the military alliance between Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy, (as opposing the Triple Entente which consisted of an alliance between Britain, France and Russia), that lasted from 1882 until the start of World. -
Creation of the Triple Entente
In 1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. The three countries agreed to support each other if attacked by either France or Russia. France felt threatened by this alliance. Britain was also concerned by the growth in the German Navy and in 1904 the two countries signed the Entente Cordiale (friendly understanding). The objective of the alliance was to encourage co-operation against the perceived threat of Germany.
Three years later, Russia, who feared the growth in th -
Rise of Kaiser Wilhelm II and resignation of Bismarck, lapse of treaty with Russia
Germany had experienced a wave of strikes in 1889, and opinion was divided on how to meet the challenge. Wilhelm II did not want to start his reign with bloodshed.
But Bismarck was more inclined toward a collision course with the Social Democrats, who had emerged from the Reichstag elections of February 1890 with more votes than any other party. He hoped to provoke a domestic crisis that would make him indispensable. On March 15, 1890, Bismarck was awoken at 9 a.m. with the news that the Kaiser -
Conflicts between Germany and France over Morocco
France reached agreements in 1904 with England (April 8) and Spain (October 7) granting the French virtually protectorate control over Morocco. This was met with the hostility of Germany, which had been kept in the dark. Germany took immediate diplomatic action to black the new accord from going into effect, including Kaiser Wilhelm's dramatic arrival and "open door" speech in Tangier (March 31, 1905). At the eight nation conference itself, the Germans found themselves with only Austria suppo -
Conflicts Over Morocco
In 1905 and again in 1911, Germany and France nearly fought over who would control Morocco in Northern Africa. Most of Europe supported France, so Germany backed down. This event is significant because there would be more people for Germany's allies to fight in the war. In other words, Germany wanted more people on there side so they could win the war. -
Austria annexing Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina were still nominally under the control of the Ottoman Sultan in 1908, Austria-Hungary had administered the provinces since the Congress of Berlin in 1878, when the great powers of Europe awarded the Dual Monarchy the right to occupy the two provinces, with the legal title to remain with Turkey. To make matters more complicated, the largely Slavic population of the two provinces had nationalist ambitions of their own, while their fellow Slavs in nearby Serbia yearned to a -
The Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
On June 28 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead in Sarajevo, by Gavrilo Princip, one of a group of six Bosnian Serb assassins coordinated by Danilo Ilić. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's south-Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Greater Serbia or a Yugoslavia. -
Rise of Militarism
In the Rise of the Materialism two political logics will be opposed: that of the parties and that of the army. The Hirohito emperor, since his advent in 1926 sails between these two powers. The crisis strikes Japan in 1931, then unemployment touches 20 % of the working population. While entering in Mandchourie in September 1931, the army, which counts many officers commoners and does not profit from a particular prestige, takes its revenge. The emperor names then the prince Kanin chief of staff -
Creation of the Dual Alliance
The Dual Alliance treaty, signed by Germany and Austria-Hungary, promised aid to each other in the event of an attack by Russia, or if Russia aided another power at war with either Germany or Austria-Hungary. Should either nation be attacked by another power, e.i. France, they were to remain - at the very least - benevolently neutral. This alliance, unlike others, endured until war in 1914.
