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Czar Alexander II is assassinated by the terrorist group ‘People’s Will’
Czar Alexander II was the ruler of Russia since 1855 and got killed in the streets of ST. Petersburg, after someone tried to throw a bomb under the carriage, not killing him. The second bomber that was in the crowd threw the bomb at the czar’s feet, these attempts were made by a terrorist group called People’s Will. They were organized in 1879, and they employed terrorism and assassinations to overthrow Russia’s autocracy. -
Nicholas II crowned czar of Russia
Nicholas II was crowned ruler of Russia in the old Ouspensky Cathedral in Moscow. Nicholas II didn’t want to get rid of the power of the czar, then the Russo-Japanese war led to the Russian Revolution, which he only diffused after having a representative assembly and promising the people constitutional reforms but shortly after took away his promises. -
Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg begins the 1905 Russian Revolution
Russia’s humiliating loss against Japan in 1904 and 1905 added to the growing discontent of the czars rule and everyone was looking for a voice for change. In january 1905 a large group of workers from Petersburg marched to the czar’s palace to present him with a long list of demands. The peaceful march was met with troops opening fire killing 130 protestors. -
World War I begins
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. Ties and treaties bound most of the countries to together to help if an ally got attacked in time of war. When the time came, they started choosing sides. The United States declared neutrality until German submarine warfare threatened American commercial shipping by shooting down -
Russia withdraws from World War I
Russia left world war 1 shortly after the october revolution happened and ended up causing a civil war between the conservative white guard and the bolsheviks -
The February Revolution begins with strikes, demonstrations, and mutinies in Petrograd
The February Revolution started in because of the shortages of food, causing riots and strikes in Petrograd. The main cause behind the The February Revolution was Russia’s involvement in WWI, where they lost a lot of their soldiers in war when they went against Germany since they were more industrialized than Russia. The Russian Economy was plummeting due to the cost of war. -
Czar Nicholas II abdicates (gives up power)
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Lenin returns from exile and arrives in Petrograd via a sealed train
German authorities allowed Lenin and his lieutenants to cross Germany on route from switzerland to sweden in a sealed railway car. The Germans had hoped that the return of the anti war socialists would undermine russian war effort, which was continuing under the provisional government. But he was condemned as a German agent by the governments leaders -
Bolshevik uprising fails in Petrograd
After being gone for 10 years, lenin returns and he immediately called upon the soviets to overthrow the provisional government, but most of less revolutionary controlled most of the soviets, so when bolshevik workers and soldiers took to the streets of petrograd, the petrograd soviet refused to support them, and their uprising was quickly ended. -
Russian civil war begins
The Civil War Started because of other groups opposing the Bolsheviks, since they were actually very weak, like millitartists and monarchists. When Czar Nicholas fell from power, a lot of parts of Russians empire declared independence. The Bolsheviks only controlled Petrograd and Moscow and lenin wanted peace at any cost, but the Germans had very severe terms. -
The capital of Russia is changed from St. Petersburg to Moscow
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The Bolshevik Party changes its name to the Communist Party
The Bolshevik Party was a wing of the Russian social democratic workers party which was led by Vladimir Lenin who seized control of the government in Russia and he became the dominant political power in Russia. The group was originated at the parties second congress when Lenin's supporters insisting that party membership be restricted to professional revolutionaries -
Czar Nicholas II and his family are executed
During a civil war the communists were willing to do anything to stay in power, taking extreme measures. Police were ordered to arrest anyone suspected of being an enemy of the revolution. Suspected enemies were nobles and higher to middle class people, and some workers and peasants who resisted war communism met harsh punishment. It’s estimated that nearly 300,000 people were executed because of this including the czar and his entire family, who lenin ordered to be executed. -
The October Revolution - the Bolsheviks take over Petrograd
Events the turned in favor of the bolsheviks after failing against the petrograd government, the government's war offensive was going badly and there were shortages of food and other goods. An increasing number of Russians supported giving the soviets the power with their chant being “All power to the Soviets.” This caused groups like the Kadets to take extreme measures. The government sent troops to Petrograd, but the attack collapsed when the soviets told the soldiers they were being used -
Russian civil war ends
In 1921 Lenin replaced his war communism with his new economic policy, or called NEP. The civil war ended in victory for the reds or communists, but the peasant revolts continued. Lenin then realized that the Bolshevik Revolution could not survive if the countryside were opposing them. Nep relaxed the extreme policies of war communism. replaced the requirement that peasants provide them food. -
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) established
The red army had to face nationalist movements in non russian parts of the former empire. rather than giving these regions complete independence the communists established six self governing Soviet Republics. In 1922 they beat the greens and whites and join the republics with russia to form the U.S.S.R -
Lenin dies
As Lenin was reshaping the Soviet communism his health was beginning to fail. His death in 1924 set off a power struggle in the communist party. Over the next four years, party secretary Joseph Stalin outmaneuvered and eventually ousted his rivals. After 1928 he was securely in power
