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Russian Revolution
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Reign of Czar Alexander III
- One man rule, one religion, one race
- Established autocracy: One Man Rule
- Labelled people that questioned the czar, are not Russian Orthodox, or speak language other than Russian as dangerous
- Censored published materials
- Secret police watch schools & teachers report on kids
- Prisoner -> Siberia
- Oppressed national groups --> uniformity
- Love nobles, majority = working class
- Anti Semitism: Hates Jews
- Pogrom: organized violence
- Ppl aren't happy, kickoff to rebellions/rev.
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Reign of Czar Nicholas II
- Alexander III's son
- Continues autocracy
- Russia industrializes and changes the economy
- More factories, but still not as advanced as the Western Europeans
- Bad work conditions, not making enough money but work very hard
- Gov't raises taxes and finds foreign investors
- Steel industry
- Work on world's longest rail line
- Many revolutions under reign
- Duma is created and then dissolved again
- Drag Russia into WWI
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Russo-Japanese War
- Competition with Japan for control over Korea and Manchuria
- Signed agreements over territories
- Russia breaks agreements and Japan attacks Russia
- Russia loses, Japan gets the land
- Proof of weakness of their country to the Russian people
- Russians think "Because we are not industrialized, we are humiliated by Asians."
- Put blame on Czar Nicholas -> negative reputation increases
- Loss of war against an Asian country sparks unrest and the people revolt
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Establishment of the Duma
- Established after the many revolts following Bloody Sunday
- Russia's first parliament and elected legislature
- Only established the Duma because he has to please his ppl after Bloody Sunday and the RJ War so they don't revolt again
- Leaders are moderates --> want Russia to become a constitutional monarchy like GB
- Nicholas II dissolves Duma after 10 wks because he doesn't want to share power
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Bloody Sunday
- 2,000 Workers and their families approach Winter Palace of the czar and ask for
- Better working conditions
- More freedom
- National Legislature
- Wore holy symbols, wears Sunday bests, and come in peace
- Nicholas II asks generals to shoot the crowd,
- Czar isn't even in the palace.
- 1,000 casualties and many hundred deaths
- Looks really bad on the Czar's reign
- Provoked lots of violence and strikes across Russia to blame the Czar for the killing of innocent people
- 2,000 Workers and their families approach Winter Palace of the czar and ask for
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Russia's participation in WWI
- Enter WWI is decision by Nicholas II
- Goes directly to the war front to help with war strategy -> blamed when Russia loses
- Bad idea --> Russia is unprepared: military and economy is weak
- Weaker than German army on Eastern Front
- Revealed weakness of czarist rule and military leadership
- Czarina Alexandra (NII's wife) is in charge of the gov't
- Soldiers ignore orders, mutinied, or deserted.
- Ppl supporting supplies start to stop, price inflation
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Death of Rasputin
Rasputin:
- Inner circle of the royal family
- Uneducated peasant
- Works as a holy man that performs exorcism/is a psychic
- Alexandra's son was sick and Rasputin seemed to help his
illness (only heir out of all fem. children)
- Lets Rasputin make decisions out of thanks
Rasputin gets power
- Gave gov't positions to friends: corruption -> angry nobles
- Nobles try to kill him many times, and finally kill him- Royal family is blamed for corruption
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Provisional Gov't Falls/Lenin Takes Charge
- Vladimir Lenin = Bolshevik/Communist Party
- Motto: Peace (WWI), land (Peasant), bread (Food)
- Peasants support, want shared wealth
- soviet = ppl who want a Marxist rev. organized by occupation that act as a local gov't
- Bolshevik/October Revolution take charge and try to destroy the Provisional government
- End of Provisional Gov't = Start of Bolshevik Revolution
- Created the Cheka = Secret police
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The Bolshevik Revolution
Leader = Lenin and supporters
- Start from when provisional gov't ended to after the Russian Civil War ended
- Bolsheviks want a communist govt create Red Army
- Originally fight on Eastern Front
- Developed chekas - secret police
- Ppl got angry and wanted the monarchy again
- Caused Civil War- Caused the Civil War within Russia, led to communism in RUS
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Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/Est. of Provisional Government
- March Revolution
- Forces Nicholas II to step down -> bad govt make RUS weak
- Put under house arrest
- 3 century Romanov rule ends
- Leader of Duma makes temporary (prov.) govt to replace czar
- Led by Alexander Kerensky
- Unpopular: Decided to keep fighting,
- Conditions worsen
- Peasants demand land
- Soviets = local council of workers, peasants and soldiers
- Soviets have more influence than the provisional govt
- Lenin returns from exile
- Bolshevik supporters cause unrest
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Russian Civil War
- Fighting
- Red Terror: Cheka targets anti revolutionists after attempted assassination of Lenin
- Red Army vs Germany (WWI) White Army (+Allies)
- Red = Bolshevik; Leader: Leon Trotsky
- White = Conservatives-> monarchy
- Starts: Bolshevik wants to turn RUS socialist
- Red army kills the Romanov Family for support in 1918 ppl don't really care
- Allies help White Army -> Don't want communism
- Red Army Wins but ruined the country: many losses, peasants give up all grain
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Stalin's Rise to Power
- Stalin used to be a Bolshevik
- Changed name to Stalin, meaning Man of Steel
- Wanted to be head of the Communist Party, but is a secretary
- Moved supporters to high positions
- Lenin did not really like his power
- 1928 Lenin is in total command
- Exiles Trotsky
- Became dictator of Russia
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Establishment of the USSR/Soviet Union
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Not to unite as one country, but under communism
- Soviets = local council of workers, peasants and soldiers
- Flag = Sickle and hammer under a star -> working class and peasant under communism
- Est after Red Army wins the Bolshevik Revolution
- Long term effect: Made Russia and smaller unions into communist states.
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Lenin's Death
- Vladimir Lenin dies
- Caused conflict between Leon Trotsky and Stalin for power
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Leon Trotsky's Exile
- Trotsky is a competitor for the head of the Communist Party
- Thought that Lenin was a little extreme
- Exiled by Stalin after he comes to power to Mexico
- 1929 killed by an ice pick in Mexico
- Power is now all Stalin's
