-
Period: to
Reign of Czar Alexander III
-harsh autocratic ruler that succeeded his father
-halted all reforms, promoted censorship
-had a secret police
-persecuted Jews and other minority groups fueled revolutionary feelings -
Period: to
Reign of Czar Nicholas II
-ruled as an autocrat
-helped to industrialize Russia
-his soldiers caused Bloody Sunday
-dragged Russia into WWI
-when he was away at war, his wife fell under the influence of Rasputin, who she allowed to stop reforms and put his friends in power
-Russia could not support the war conditions his rule promoted protests and violence across the country, and exposed the problems with czarist rule -
Russo Japanese War (1904-05)
-Russia and Japan had agreements over the territories of Korea and Manchuria
-Russia broke these agreements, and Japan attacked Russia
Russian losses sparked revolt, even in the midst of war, blamed czar Nicholas -
Establishment of the Duma
-strikes and protests for more freedom eventually led to the establishment of Russia's
-first parliament, called the Duma
-leaders wanted a constitutional monarchy modeled off of Britain's
-dissolved within ten weeks
the people were upset, and it was just to appease them, although Nicholas did not want to give up power -
Bloody Sunday
-200,000 workers approached the czar's palace (st. petersburg) to petition for better working conditions, personal freedom, and an elected national legislature
-Nicholas II's generals opened fire on them, killing hundreds and wounding more than a thousand (nicknamed Bloody Sunday)
promoted strikes and violence and the desire for freedom, which included the creation of the Duma -
Period: to
Russia's Participation in WWI
-Czar Nicholas pulled Russia into the war in 1914
-Russia unequipped for war; within a year, four million dead, hurt, or captive
-Political decisions made by Rasputin until his murder
people of all classes wanted change and end to Russia's participation in WWI, demanded the czar pull Russia from war -
Death of Rasputin
-A group of nobles tried multiple ways (poisonings, shootings, and drowning) to murder Rasputin, to eliminate his political power. -
March Revolution 1917
-Czar Nicholas steps down after 200,000 workers rioted because of shortages
-A year later, him and the whole Romanov family were executed
-Provisional Government set up by the leaders of the Duma
-decided to keep fighting in the war neither soldiers nor civilians wanted to keep fighting WWI, and thus did not support the provisional government -
Period: to
Vladimir Lenin
-Leader of Bolshevik [Communist] Party
-Is exiled until Provisional Gov't is established
-travelled back in a sealed railway car
-Implements his style of socilism
-has stroke in 1922, survives, trotsky vs stalin for power -
Period: to
Bolshevik Revolution
-The Provisional Government fell and the Bolshevik Party, headed by Lenin, came into power
-Lenin ordered all farmland to be distributed amongst the peasants
-Lenin gave control of the factories to the workers
-March, they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, where Russia gave up land Russians objected to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, and to the murder of the Romanovs
ends with the civil war, which gave the communists freedom in government -
Period: to
Russian Civil War (1918-1920)
-Bolshevik opponents formed the White Army (people who all wanted different governments, but none wanted the Bolsheviks in power
-The Red Army, headed by Trotsky, won
-Peasants forced to turn over grain to the government
-14 million died during the war and in the ensuing famine
Red Army has control of Russia and can create their communist state -
Establishment of the USSR
Lenin organized
communist party bolsheviks in charge
not what marx promised -
Stalin's rise to Power
man of steel
lenin thought him dngerous stalin transformed t=russia into a totalitarist state -
LEon Trotsky's exile
led the red army in the russian civil war
