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Period: to
The Russian Revolution Timespan
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The reign of Czar Alexander III
Czar Alexander was the ruler from 1881-1894 of Russia who was anti-semitic, and only promoted the nobility
significance: Believed in a one man rule (autocracy), one religion (orthodoxy), and one race (national homogeneity). He blamed the Jews for his father's assassination.
There were pogroms which were organized violence against the Jews -
The reign of Czar Nicholas II
Czar Nicholas was ruler of Russia from 1894-1917, and was not a good ruler for the time that he was in power. He also created the Duma
significance:was an Autocracy They were trying to urbanize & industrialize but did didn't help them. He created the Duma~elected legislature to give the people because he wanted people to like him but he still wouldn't listen to that either. was blamed for military failures in ww1, russo-jap. war, and bloody sunday and stepped down from power soon after. -
Russo-Japanese War
The war was between Russia and Japan, which Japan had the advantage in. Russia lost land in Northern China & became a constitutional monarchy, this was embarrassing for Russia
significance:
~Japan had an advantage because, they had built up more ground troops in Northern China
~Their navy was superior to the Russian's navy because Russia had still yet to totally industrialize (proof they needed to industrialize)
~Duma -
Establishment of the Duma
Duma~ an elected legislature created by Czar Nicholas ii intended to give the people what they wanted and make the people like him.
significance: The Czar never listened to the legislature anyway -
Bloody Sunday
over 200,000 workers had a list of grievances because they wanted their working and living conditions to improve, so they marched to the Czar's palace, the Czar's guards open fired on the protesters killing many
significance: this caused more strikes and disorder throughout Russia and was a help in leading to the duma.
people will be more angry at the Czar -
Russia's participation in WW1 1914-1917
Czar Nicholas II took over the role of leading the Russian military in this war.
significance: Russia had to retreat from the war because they were low on resources because they had yet to industrialize, and there were many military failures that were all blamed on Czar Nicholas II
~contributed to why everyone hated Czar Nicholas II -
The Death of Rasputin
Rasputin was a peasant who was an exorcist and healer and could predict the future. The Czar's wife (Alexandra) helped with her son who had hemophilia.
significance: in ww1 there was a rumor that he manipulated Alexandra into replacing ministers with his own friends so the nobility hated him. So they killed him by first poisoning him twice (did nothing), shot him twice (did not kill him yet), and drowned him in a river in a rug/tapestry.
~contributes to Czar Nicholas's bad rep. -
Bolshevik Revolution
The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the weak provisional government. Lenin created the Cheka who were secret police that targeted anyone who were a possible threat against the revolution.
significance: The reforms made were, redistributed farmland to peasants, and turned factories over to workers.
~They also ended involvement in ww1.
~ This led to the Russian civil war
~russia struggled to supply -
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II / estab. of Provisional Gov't
Street demonstrations broke out in the capital, which made Nicholas realise what is happening and then on the 15th the Czar gives up his power, and a provisional government is put in place.
significance: The provisional government was soon overthrown by the Bolsheviks (led by Vladimir Lenin) and then begins the Bolshevik revolution -
Russian Civil War (1918-1920)
This civil war was against the red army (Bolsheviks/communists) and the white army (Czar's supporters/conservatives, & the allies from ww1)
The white army had nations from all over Europe & the world helping, but they were low on supplies, they were bad at coordinating attacks, & they were separated by distance. The red army were more unified & had access to supplies
sig.:The red army won the civil war, Russia was impacted, the Cheka would kill the peasants if they didn't give up their grain. -
Establishment of the USSR
A union of soviet socialist republics (soviet union)
~Self-governing republics discourage nationalism
~communist (Bolshevik) party holds all the power
~Not true communism
~Will exist until 1991 -
Stalin's Rise to Power
Stalin manipulates his way into power despite Lenin's concerns
~by 1928 he is in total command of the communist party
significance: Stalin will later become dictator of the soviet union -
Lenin's Death
Vladimir Lenin dies
significance: This sets up competition over his replacement -
Leon Trotsky's Exile
Stalin has Trotsky exiled in 1929
significance: this will lead up to Stalin becoming dictator of the Soviet Union
