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Period: to
Russian Revolution
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Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
-clung to principles of autocracy
-he turned Russia into a police state
-supported one religion, one race, and one culture
-anti-semitism, pogroms
-His leadership made people angry, at him and the concept of a Czar -
Period: to
Reign of Czar Alexander III (1881-1894)
-clung to principles of autocracy
-he turned Russia into a police state
-supported one religion, one race, and one culture
-anti-semitism, pogroms -
Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)
-Continued with autocratic reign
-He was blinded to the changing conditions of his time
-He brought Russia into war
-Was against industrialization
-His lack of leadership skills angered the people to the point of revolution -
Period: to
Reign of Czar Nicholas II (1894-1917)
-Continued with autocratic reign
-He was blinded to the changing conditions of his time
-He brought Russia into war
-Was against industrialization -
Russo-Japanese War
-Russia and Japan fought for control of Manchuria and Korea
-War started when Russia violated the terms of land treaties with Japan, Japan responded by attacking at Port Arthur, Manchuria
-Russian losses caused unrest at home and led to revolt in the middle of the war
-Was a huge show of weakness for Russia and the Czar -
Period: to
Russo-Japanese War
-Russia and Japan fought for control of Manchuria and Korea
-War started when Russia violated the terms of land treaties with Japan, Japan responded by attacking at Port Arthur, Manchuria
-Russian losses caused unrest at home and led to revolt in the middle of the war -
Bloody Sunday
On January 22nd, many Russian workers surrounded the Czar's winter palace with a petition demanding more freedom. The Czar's soldiers opened fire on the protesters, killing hundreds. This event, dubbed "Bloody Sunday" sparked many strikes and waves of violence that eventually led to the Czar allowing for more freedom. This event showed the Russian people that the Czar was not a capable leader. -
Establishment of the Duma
The Duma was the first Russian parliament created after a series of strikes and protests in 1905 and 1906. The Czar was pressured to create the Duma after the events of Bloody Sunday. The Duma was in favor of Russia becoming a constitutional monarchy similar to Britain, but the Czar was hesitant and dissolved the Duma after ten weeks. This was a show of weakness for the Czar. -
Russia's Participation in WWI (1914-1917)
Czar Nicholas II made the decision to take Russia into war in 1914. The Russian ill-equipped army and their weak leaders did not stand a chance against the German military. By a year, over 4 million Russians were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner. WWI revealed the weakness of military leadership and Czarist rule. -
Period: to
World War I
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Death of Rasputin
Rasputin was a self described "holy man" who claimed to have healing powers. In 1915, Czar Nicholas moved his headquarters to the front. While he was doing this, his wife, Czarina Alexandra ran the government. However, she fell under the influence of Rasputin, and he was indirectly in charge of Russia. he abused his power, and was murdered by Russian nobles on December 30th, 1916. His murder was a show of violence hinting at the upcoming Bolshevik Revoltion -
Bolshevik Revolution
In 1917, the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew Czar Nicholas II and ended Imperial rule in Russia. The working class soviets were part of Lenin's revolutionaries, and they overthrew the provisional government. The Government of the Bolsheviks would end up creating the Soviet Union. -
Period: to
Bolshevik Revolution
In 1917, the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew Czar Nicholas II and ended Imperial rule in Russia. The working class soviets were part of Lenin's revolutionaries, and they overthrew the provisional government. The Government of the Bolsheviks would end up creating the Soviet Union. -
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/est. of Provisional Government
Many local protests all exploded into one revolution, the March Revolution. Revolutionaries forced Nicholas II to abdicate, and a year later, revolutionaries executed him and his family. Leaders of the Duma created a provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky. He decided to continue fighting in the war, this caused negative feelings toward him among the working class. The working class formed socialist groups called Soviets, which eventually had more power than the government. -
The Russian Civil War
The Bolshevik Red Army fought against the conservative White Army. The White Army was aided by foreign nations. The Red Army controlled the industrialized portions of Russia, while the White Army controlled the rest of the country. The Red Army turned out to be victorious, and the Bolsheviks took full control of Russia. The Socialist Bolsheviks ended up creating the Soviet Union. -
Period: to
Russian Civil War
The Bolshevik Red Army fought against the conservative White Army. The White Army was aided by foreign nations. The Red Army controlled the industrialized portions of Russia, while the White Army controlled the rest of the country. The Red Army turned out to be victorious, and the Bolsheviks took full control of Russia. The Socialist Bolsheviks ended up creating the Soviet Union -
Establishment of the Soviet Union
THe Bolshevik party changed the name of the country to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The new country was led by Lenin and was socialist, as the name implies. The USSR would last for 69 years and impacted the entire world. -
Lenin's Death
In 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke, his health deteriorated up until his death in 1924, his death set the stage for the replacement of his power, setting up the competition between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin. His death would set the stage for an unequal balance of power in the Soviet union which would last until its dissolution. -
Stalin's Rise to Power
Joseph Stalin gained full control of the government of the Soviet Union in 1928. Stalin became a totalitarian leader, meaning him and his government controlled every aspect of daily life. Lenin believed Stalin was a dangerous man, and advised that he not become leader after he died. Stalin would implement new, radical policies and lead the country through very important times, such as WWII, his leadership would have a radical change in Russia that would last for years -
Leon Trotsky's Exile
Leon Trotsky was a major player in the Communist party in the Soviet Union. He was the leader of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. His influence in the Communist party made him Stalin's rival. When Stalin became the leader, he exiled Trotsky. Trotsky was exiled in 1929, and was a demonstration of Stalin's totalitarian power.
