-
Period: to
Russian Revolution
-
Reign of Czar Alexander III (in power 1881-1894)
- Czar Alexander III was an uncompromising anti-semite
- Three principles were to have an autocracy, orthodoxy, and homogeneity
- anyone who spoke another language, or practiced another religion was considered dangerous
-
Abdication of Czar Nicholas II/est. of Provisional Government
-a local protest turned into a general uprising (The March Revolution), which forced the czar to abdicate his throne, because of not pulling out of the war
-leaders of the Duma created a provisional government (temporary)
-the new government was lead by Alexander Kerensky, he decided to stay in World War I
-Made him lose support of people, created soviets- Czar Nicholas's decision in saying in World War I caused him his throne, and caused the provisional government and the weakening of Russia
-
Russo- Japanese War (1904-1905)
- Started because of a disagreement about land between Russia and Japan in Northern China
- Japan had the advantages of more ground troops
-had a better naval force, and a better location
-Russia lost the war, and the citizens thought that the government was insufficient, which caused a strike. The strike contributed to Czar Nicholas II bad reputation - The strike contributed to Czar Nicholas II bad reputation and this is one reason why he created the Duma
-
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905)
-200,000 workers marched on Czar Nicholas's Winter Palacec
-Intended to get better living and working conditions
- Czars police fired into the crowd
-killed 100 and injured 3,000 *There was much internal strife and disorder and people were angry, this contributed to Czar Nicholas II's bad reputation and was one reason he created the Duma -
Establishment of the Duma
-The Duma was an elected legislature
-Nicholas agreed to change the government from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy because his people were not happy
-The Russians lost the Russo- Japanese war because Czar Nicholas did not listen, so his people were even more angry with him, which is another reason why the Duma was created
-Angry workers resulted in the Bloody Sunday, which is another reason for the Duma to be created- Czar Nicholas creates it to improve his reputation
-
Russia's participation in WWI
-The white army (Allies) and the Red Army (Bolsheviks) fought
- The Red army supported communism
-The people in the White Army were conservatives and were in favor of the czar.
-Russia did not win
-they did not have enough resources
-more than 4 million Russians were killed, wounded, or taken prisoner *Czar Nicholas did not listen to his people, so they lost way more than they would have if they had pulled out of the war earlier. -
Death of Rasputin (1916)
- Was an exorcist for Czar Nicholas' wife and son -was killed by the nobility
- nobility tried to kill him many times, but failed -made a prediction that if nobles killed him then Czar Nicholas' family would die within 2 years and was right
-
Reign of Czar Nicholas II (in power 1894-1917)
-Believed Russian rule should stay in the russian monarchy, wanted an autocracy
-The Russians did not like his opinions
-he ignored the problems of industrialization, and did not listen to his people *He was blamed for military failures and people were angry so demonstrations broke out, he stepped down from his throne and a provisional government took his place. -
Bolshevik Revolution (1917- 1920)
- In November of 1917, factory workers marched to the Winter Palace and named themselves the Red Guard -in response Czar Lenin said that all of the farmland was to be distributed between peasants -The the Bolsheviks made a treaty with Germany saying that they would stop the riots
- Power of factories was given to the workers
- The working class gained power and took some control away from the czar.
-
Civil War (1918-1920)
-the Bolsheviks opponents were called the White Army
- Bolsheviks wanted to get rid of their enemies
-some people in the White Army were in favor of the czar and some people were not and were in favor of a democratic government, and socialist who opposed Lenin's rule
-desire to beat Bolsheviks united them
-14 million Russians died
- Red Army won *The Red and White Armies in Russia lived in the same place, but supported different things, their civil war left Russia in shambles -
Establishment of the USSR
-at this point n time communists held all of the power (not true communism)
-Lenin dies and Stalin rises to power (1922-1927)
-people thought nationalism posed a threat to unity and loyalty, so self-governing republics were created by Lenin
-the country was named the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to reward people who helped start the Bolshevik Revolution *kept control on nationalism, and rewarded people for starting the Bolshevik Revolution, and people had more say. -
Lenin's Death
- Lenin suffered a stroke and survived, but people started thinking about who would lead the Communist Party. -Joseph Stalin slowly rose to power and changed his name to Stalin meaning "man of steel" -before Lenin died he wrote a letter saying that he thought that Stalin was a dangerous man
- He died in 1094 and Stalin to command of the Communist Party and then became a dictator
-
Leon Trotsky's exile
- Leon Trotsky was the leader of the Bolsheviks' Red Army
- Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin fight for power after Lenin's death
- Joseph Stalin had Trotsky exiles in 1924, he would be killed later
-
Stalin's Rise to power
-Stalin started his slow rise to power once Vladimir Lenin had a stroke
-Once he became general secretary of the Communist Party he started moving his supporters into positions of high power
- once Lenin died he was in total command of the Communist Party
- he then ruled in absolute power as a dictator *Stalin slowly moved to power, so it was hard to notice, but he kept going more and more power until he had total control, and he made sure that his opinions would be supported, which is smart .
