-
Symphony music
Symphonic orchestra appeared in the Romantic period.
Among the various orchestral forms, the symphony and the concerto stood out. They appeared in the Classical period.
Programme music developed in the Romantic period. It aims to describe a programme or narrative inspired by extra-musical elements. Symphony Fantastique by Hector Berlioz became the prototype of the programme symphony.
Symphonic poem stood out the most in programme music. Its creator , Franz Liszt, -
The majority of instruments were created, or perfected.
Instruments like the bass clarinet, contrabassoon, English horn and saxophone in the woodwind section, trombone and tuba in the brass section and gong, bass drum, triangle, snare drum, marimba, cymbals and celesta in the percussion section. -
Compositions for piano
The piano was the most important Romantic instrument. Thanks to piano makers, the piano developed technically and achieved a great expressive ability. The composers' objective was to express feelings in their music and move listeners emotionally. The composers developed several types of compositions: Short pieces for solo piano
Chamber music
Longer works -
Vocal Music
Opera
Italy- Bel can't and verismo
France- grand opéra and operetta
Germany- leitmotiv Zarzuela
Developed by Spanish composers, a lyrical and theatrical musical form.
Zarzuela has instrumental interludes and choruses. Zarzuela also uses folk and local elements. In the Romantic period there were two types of zarzuelas, zarzuela grande and the generosity chico. Lied
Poem set to simple music, accompanied by the piano. Developed by the German composer Franz Schubert and Robert Schumann. -
Musical Nationalism
The different nations wanted to create states with their own identities and cultural autonomy. This caused an increase in nationalism, which also appeared in music. The nationalist movement was particularly evident in countries where the musical influence of other nations was especially dominant. Most important countries: Russia
Hungary
Spain -
Romantic dance and ballet
The start of Romantic ballet was marked by the first Paris performance in 1832. Outside of the theatre, court dances were substituted for ballroom dances. The waltz became very popular. Nationalism also helped to spread folk dances like the Spanish fandango.