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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German writer and statesman, his writings were incredibly influential on our Romantic composers! -
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Luigi Cherubini
An Italian composer who composer a French opera title Lodoiska. Which contained the defeat of oppression dramatized as a heroic rescue from enslavement and imprisonment -
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Napoleon Bonaparte
Military leader during the French Revolution -
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Ludwig van Beethoven
He is the transitional figure from the Classical to the Romantic style. He composed in all genres, including symphonies, an opera, many piano pieces, lied and chamber pieces -
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Klemenz Wenzel von Metternich
The Chancellor of Austria, hosted the congress of Vienna and was instrumental in shaping social activities. -
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Alessandro Manzoni
Famous Italian novelist and poet. -
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Carl Maria von Weber
Composed the first German romantic opera "Der Freischutz" in 1819! -
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French Revolution
Common people saw themselves as empowered to break free from oppression from the nobility -
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Giacomo Meyerbeer
Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris. Known for Grand Operas -
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Gioacchino Rossini
The most important opera composer in the early 19th century, and the most famous composer in Europe in the early 19th century -
Paris Conservatoire
Founded in France as a state institution from the training of musicians. The school replaced training in churches and courts. -
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Franz Schubert
Composed in all genres with over 600 Lieder! Composed 17 operas and Singspiele, 9 symphonies, 35 chamber works, 200 choral pieces, and more -
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Gaetano Donizetti
Italian opera composer, wrote over 70 operas -
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Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer, famous for his opera Norma in 1831 -
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Hector Beloiz
One of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres. Was a French composer, conductor, critic, and author. -
Fidelio
Beethoven's first and only opera ever composed as a rescue opera -
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Fanny Mendelssohn
The sister of Felix Mendelssohn, she was also a composer and is thought to have possibly composed many of the pieces that are considered his compositions. -
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Opus 67
A symphony composed by Beethoven which contains a string dominated piece with a few other instruments including 3 trombones and a piccolo. The finale moves into major which listeners describe as victorious and heroic! -
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Felix Mendelssohn
Composer of most genres, revived of J.S Bach's music in Leipzig. A famous conductor, pianist, and founder of the Leipzig Conservatory -
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The Romantic Period
There were many different topics or genres of music to compose in this time period. There were two new main genres, character pieces: which were 1 movement poetic works strictly for solo piano, and Tone Poems: which were 1 movement orchestral works! Composers were known to create pieces with extreme emotions that were felt deeply and took inspiration from things like, the supernatural, or nostalgia like medieval times! Breaking the musical 'rules" became the new norm! -
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Robert Schumann
An important editor and promoter of music, a composer, pianist, editor, and writer -
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Frederic Chopin
A pianist with a delicate style as well as a composer. Most appreciated by other musicians and the upper class. Found great success in the Salons. -
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Franz Liszt (early and late romantic)
Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, composer, innovator, supporter of Wagner -
Philharmonic Society
A concert series with a repertory founded on Beethoven's symphonies in London founded by Johann Salomon (Haydn's patron) -
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Richard Wagner
He changed opera. harmony, and music in general -
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Giuseppe Verdi
The most important Italian composer in the mid to late 19th century, primarily an opera composer -
Erlkonig
Based on the legend that whoever is touched by the kind of the elves must die, the reader must imagine all of the details. All around really cool piece! -
Der Freischutz
In english it is know as the magic bullet! It is the first German Romantic opera composed, and was performed from 1819 to 1821 -
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Clara Schumann (Weick)
Virtuoso pianist, composer, wife of Robert Schumann -
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Jacques Offenbach
Known for his operettes, like La belle Helene -
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Bedrich Smetana
Bohemian, best known for programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Ma vlast -
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Stephen Foster
An American song composer, first composer in America to make a living as a professional songwriter but died penniless! -
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Louis Moreau Gottschalk
American Nationalist, born in New Orleans. A child prodigy on the piano, and by the age of 7 was able to play as well as his teacher! -
Symphonie fantasique
A program symphony in 5 different movements, the composer Hector Berlioz married the woman who inspired the symphony and later they divorced. -
Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung
An article published about Beethovens instrumental music written by E.T. A Hoffmann in a music journal that reviewed new music and composers -
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Johannes Brahms
A very young composer in comparison to other in the romantic time period. Became very good friends with the Schumanns at age 20 when he travelled to meet them! A german composer who continued in classical traditons. -
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Georges Bizet
Blended styles into opera comique with Carmen (1875) -
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Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Composed several of the most famous ballets known still today, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker -
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Antonin Dvorak
Czech composer, from Bohemia. Eight years younger than Brahms and they were friends. Was a nationalist composer, then was invited to the united states and go to the National Conservatory in New York and he took a huge interest in united States folk music. -
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Edvard Grieg
Composer from Norway, wrote Peer Gynt, incidental musical and famous for piano concerto -
The symphonic (tone) poem
A one movement orchestral work created by Franz Liszt in 1848 as an option to the traditional symphonic form -
Incidental Music
An overture and a series of pieces to be performed between the acts of a play and during important scenes -
Concert Overture
A single movement concert piece for orchestra not associated with a staged piece and its based on an extra musical idea -
Program Symphony
A multimovement work for orchstra that is associated with an extra musical idea. It can tell a story or be descriptive -
Idee Fixe
A theme written to represent a person, place or thing that is played throughout a a work! -
The Mighty Five
Inspired Les Six
Comprised of Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Modest Musorgsky -
Song Cycle
Most 19th century composers wrote Lieder, and the song cycle became a very popular way to publish Lieder. It is a set of Lieder that are connected in some way. -
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Le Banjo: Fantasie grotesque
A character piece by Louis Gottschalk with an ABA coda -
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Edward Elgar
English Composer -
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Giacomo Pucci
Trained in music but wanted to follow his passion for theater. Not very many pieces but they are all treasured to this day. The most important composer after Verdi -
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Isaac Albeniz
Spanish Composer -
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Ignacy Jan Paderewski
Polish pianist and composer, prime minister and foreign minister of Poland in 1919 -
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Gustav Mahler
Most known as conductor and secondly as a composer, Bohemian, bridged the austro-german romantic traditioned of composer with the new modern styles -
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Frederick Delius
English Composer, also lived in France and the U.S -
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Jean Sibelius
A Finnish Composer, known for a tone poem called Finlandia in 1899 -
The Moldau
The Moldau is a river in Czechoslovakia written by Bedrich Smetana -
Messa da Requiem
Brings back some of the musical material and text used, Liber me: Dies Irae -
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Manuel de Falla
Spanish Composer -
Madame Butterfly
Verismo opera, was inspired by a play of the same title. Composed by Puccini.