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is an economic changes took place in England that would trasform The counatry from an agricultural to an industrialised nation.
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during this age agricolture was intesificed
the soil was drained and made more fertile, so that cereal production was greatly increased. -
James Watt upgrade the Thomas Newcomen steam engine -
On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, spinning and weaving were done in households, for domestic consumption and as a cottage industry under the mothballing system. Occasionally the work was done in the workshop of a master weaver. Under the mothballed system, homeworkers produced under contract with merchant sellers, who often supplied the raw materials. In the off-season the women, typically the farmers' wives, spun and the men weaved. -
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Women and children were highly prized by employers because they could be paid less and were easier to control. Besides, the fact that the children were so small meant they could move more easily in mines, or crawl between the machines in the cotton industry to carry out repairs. -
This changed the geography of the country, concentrating the new industrial activity near the coalfields of the Midlands and the North. People shifted from the rural South to the North and the Midlands, and small towns, the so-called 'mushroom towns, were constructed to house the workers near the factories. -
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the first vaccination is carried out, with the administration of the smallpox vaccine by the British doctor Edward Jenner -
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Industrial cities lacked elementary public services-water-supply, sanitation, street- cleaning, open spaces ; the air and the water were polluted by smoke and filth; the houses, built in endless rows, were overcrowded. -
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Long working hours, about 65-70 a week, discipline, routine and monotony marked the work of industrial labourers. Food prices rose, diet and health deteriorated with an increase in the mortality. -
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The construction of railway networks was not a major element of the British industrial revolution. The railway and its steam locomotive could only expand with the introduction of the steam engine which did not take place before 1830. The railways were the subject of a real and very intense speculative bubble in the period of the 1840s (the so-called Railway Mania, especially in 1844-1847), also favored by the 'laissez-faire' attitude of the Bank of England.
