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146 BCE
Third Punic War Ends
Rome seizes the remaining Carthagian empire, establishing the Roman Province of Africa. -
44 BCE
Death of Julius Caesar and the Roman Republic
Julius Caesar, the first and only dictator of Rome was assassinated in 44, ending Rome's days as a Republic and allowing the empire to take shape. -
27 BCE
Birth of The Roman Empire
Julius Caesar's great-nephew, Augustus, established the principate, returning power to the Senate and becoming emperor of Rome. -
4 BCE
Birth of Jesus
Jesus, a key figure in both Christianity and Islam, is born around 4 BC (disputed). -
43
Claudius Begins Conquest of Britain
Claudius, the emperor at the time, began a 53-year campaign in taking control of Britain, annexing it as a new province as the campaign continues over several other emperors. -
68
Nero sets fire to Rome
Nero, the emperor at the time, sets fire to the city of Rome and soon kills himself, ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty of Roman emperors. -
69
Year of Four Emperors
After Nero's destruction of Rome and subsequent suicide, civil war tore across Rome, allowing Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian to rule in a single year. -
117
The Height of the Roman Empire
Trajan, declared by the Senate to be Optimus Princeps, meaning "best ruler", defeats the Parthians, bringing Rome to its highest reaches. -
286
Diocletian Splits The Empire
The emperor at the time, Diocletian, split the Roman empire into Eastern and Western halves, each ruled by their own separate ruler while still maintaining their status as part of the overall Roman Empire. -
306
Constantine Assumes Power
Constantine, an advocate for Christianity, officially tolerated the religion through the edict of Milan and allowed its proliferation throughout the region. -
380
Christianity Becomes the Official State Church
Theodosius, the emperor at the time, established Nicene Christianity as the official state religion of Rome. -
410
Western Rome Sacked
The Germanic Visigoth people sack Western Rome for the first time in over 800 years. -
476
Collapse of the Roman Empire
In a state of weakness, Germanic invader Odoacer defeats the Romans, leaving only the Eastern Roman Empire, known henceforth as the Byzantine empire. -
1453
The Byzantine Empire Falls
Although not a part of the Roman Empire, its successor in Eastern Europe falls almost 1,000 years after Western Rome.