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Marcus Garvey (1887-1940)
•Jamaican Political leader •firm believer in black nationalism and pan-africanism movements •in 1914 founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) •Arrested for mail fraud with the sale stock line in the Black Star Line •there were irregularities connected to the business, the prosecution was probably politically motivated -
Charlie Chaplin
He was a silent comic and actor. By 1918, he was the most famous actor in the world. He co-founded United Artists in 1919 -
Prohibition
manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors was outlawed. 18th Amendment, passed in 1919, banned alcohol Supported by churches and women Popular in the south and the west Too many people disliked Prohibition for it to become a law -
Volstead Act
•Andrew J. Volstead, Republican representative from Minnesota, was the driving force behind the National Prohibition •The manufacture, transport, export, sale or possession of alcoholic beverages was prohibited within the United States •Alcoholic beverages were those that contained more than one-half percent of alcohol •Federal agents were empowered to investigate and prosecute violators. -
The Red Scare
Resulted in a nationwide crusade against left-wingers or people who supported equality The fear of communism taking over Red scare was used by business people to break fledging unions -
Ku Klux Klan
Anti: foreign,catholic,black,jewish,pacifist,communist,
internationalist, evolutionist, bootlegger, gambling, adultery and birth control Wanted America to go back to how it used to be (before Gilded Age) Whites who were Anglo-Saxton and Protestant were the only ones accepted -
Flappers
•Young women who began rolling their stockings and taping their breasts flat and roughed their cheeks •Flapper was used to describe awkward teenaged girls •Women started to wear one piece bathing suits -
Jazz Age
•The music outraged many of the conservative people, they thought it was the root of the new problems of the younger generations •Mostly African-American works in writing and music escalated •people took an interest in music. They owned pianos, played sheet music, and listened to records. -
Al Capone (1899-1947)
•America’s best known Gangster from the 1920’s •Leading role in illegal activities in Chicago during the Prohibition Era •A major bootlegging figure -
The Lost Generartion
•Writers after WWI •The war changed their lives •They lost all innocence due to the brutality in the war •They wrote about despair, loss of faith, and innocence -
Harlem Renaissance
•a cultural movement that spanned in the 1920s •“New Negro Movement” centered in Harlem, New York •French-speaking black writers also influenced the Harlem Renaissance •New Negro, who through intellect and production of literature, art, and music could challenge the pervading racism and stereotypes to promote progressive or socialist politics, and racial and social integration. •a support system of black patrons, black-owned businesses anublications -
Election of Harding
•Harding protected alcohol interests and moderately supported women rights •He promised to give the Nation a strong economy and an independent foreign influence •He won on the promise to bring the Nation back to normalcy •He put Charles Evans Hughes as his Sec. of State, Herbert Hoover as his Sec. of Commerce, and Andrew Mellon as his Sec. of Treasury •He nominated Taft to take the Chief Justice position after the old justice died -
Palmer Raids
•Attempts by the U.S. Gov. Department of justice to arrest radical leftists and deport them •The arrests were lead by Attorney Gen. A. Mitchell Palmer •500 foreign citizens were deported •6,000 suspected communists were arrested -
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Nicola Sacco-shoe factory worker Bartolomeo Vanzetti-fish peddler Convicted in 1921 of the murder of a Mass paymaster and his guard. Judge and jury somewhat prejudice against defendants because they were Italian, atheist, anarchist and draft dodgers (people who evade military drafts) Liberals and radicals defended them Men were electrocuted to death in 1927 -
Emergency-Quota Act
•Restricted immigrant inflow into the U.S. •Allowed only 3% of people from each Country in per year •Allowed Northeast Europeans into the Country easily because of the large amount of citizens from that region already living in the U.S. -
Washington Naval Conference
•U.S., Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal were in attendance Russia was not invited •First discussion of disarmament •Created the Four-Powers Treaty, the Five-Powers Treaty, and the Nine-Powers Treaty -
Four Power Treaty
Treaty signed by the U.S., Britain, France and Japan saying that each country will respect the other countries land and not seek further territorial gain, and to talk out problems with territiores in the area. -
Five-Power Naval Treaty
•Known as the Washington Naval Treaty •United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy all signed the treaty •Limited the amount of Battleships, Battlecruisers and Aircraft carriers •Overall put restrictions on each Countries naval forces -
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
A rise in the tariff in order to protect Factories and Farms -
Teapot Dome Scandal
•A bribery •Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding •scandal also was a key factor in posthumously further destroying the public reputation of the Harding administration •Fall was convicted of accepting briberies from the oil companies -
Nine-Power Treaty
•A treaty to affirm the Open Door Policy •Signed by U.S., Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal -
Adkins VS. Children's Hospital
•A U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court invalidated the minimum wages set for women in D.C. -
Dawes Plan
Germany couldn’t pay the war debt from the Treaty of Versailles created to take Weimar Germany out of hyperinflation created by Charles Dawes US, UK, Italy, Belgium and France were on the Dawes Committee Belgian and French troops would retreat from the Ruhr and control would go back to Germany Reparation payments were reconstructed Reconstructed Weimar’s national bank -
The Election of Coolidge
•Won under the slogan “Keep Cool with Coolidge” •Under the Republican vote he won his election over Democrat Davis
◦Coolidge’s V.P. Dawes was a terrific speaker pointing out flaws in the other party which won Coolidge the Election of 1924 -
Immigration Act
•The quota for immigrants entering the U.S. was set at two percent of the total of any given nation`s residents in the U.S. as reported in the 1890 census after July 1, 1927, the two percent rule was to be replaced by an overall cap of 150,000 immigrants annually and quotas determined by "national origins" as revealed in the 1920 census. -
Scopes Trial
•State of Tennessee VS John Thomas Scopes •Accused of violating the Butler Act ◦Teaching evolution in a state funded school •Trial was staged to attract attention to Dayton,TN •Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 •Prosecuted by William Jennings Bryant -
The Great Gatsby
•Written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925 •Depicted what life was like in the 1920’s -
Gertrude Ederle
•the first woman to swim the 21 miles from Dover, England, to Cape Griz-Nez across the English Channel •14 hours and 31 minutes in the water, she reached the English coast, becoming the sixth person and first woman to swim the Channel successfully -
Charles Lindbergh
•First aviator to complete a nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean •Flew more than 3600 miles in 33 and 1/2 hours -
Charles Lindbergh
First aviator to complete a nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean Flew more than 3600 miles in 33 and 1/2 hours -
Election of Hoover
•Supported national tradition •avoided foreign entanglements •Republican •Radio significantly helped his election •real power laid in his integrity, humanitarianism, efficiency, and loyalty in close associates -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
•An International Agreement in which signed Countries agree to talk out altercations before resorting to war •the pacted renounce the use of war and called for a peaceful settlement -
Model T(Ford)
The automobile industry started an industrial revolution created millions of new jobs and supporting companies Assembly line methods and mass production Detroit became the motor capital of the world By 1930, number of model Model T’s was 20 million Automobiles decreased women’s dependence on men -
Harley-Smoot Tariff
started out as a mild tariff before 1,000 amendments were added to it Raised the tariff 60% became nation’s highest protective tariff during peacetime Deepened the depression in America increased international financial chaos. -
Reconstruction Finacnce Corporation
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an independent agency of the United States ran by Congress. They played a major role in the Great Depression. -
Bonus Army
An assembly of 43,000 marchers who gathered in Washington D.C. Demanded early cash-payment redemption of their service certificates Called Bonus Expeditionary Force by the leaders, media called it the Bonus March Led by Walter W. Waters -
Hoover-Stimson Doctrine
•Japan attacked Manchuria-direct violation of the League of Nations •Sec. of State Henry L. Stimson diplomatically attacked Japan with Stimson Doctrine saying that United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force •Japan ignored this, and went into Shanghai-thus start -
Sigmund Freud(1856-1939)
•Austrian Neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis •created the idea of the freudian slip -
Duke Ellington(1899-1974)
•American composer, pianist, and big-band leader •His career spanned more than 50 years and included leading his orchestra, composing an inexhaustible songbook, scoring for movies, composing stage musicals, and world tours •wrote over 1,000 compositions •created one of the best-known jazz-orchestral in the h
