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Period: 600 to
Compositional forms in the barroque period
SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC: romance, villancico and ensalada
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC: fugue, suite, sonata and concerto
RELIGIOUS VOCAL FORMS: cantata, oratorio and passion -
Period: 600 to 800
GREGORIAN CHANT
The Roman Catholic Church compiled its liturgical plainsongs.
It called musical repertoire Gregorian hanour of Pope Gregory the Great. Characteristics
- it has a monophonic texture, without instrumental accompaniment.
- it uses modal scales and is in free time
- the text is in Latin with a religious theme
- it´s performed by male voices and alternates between a soloist and the choir or two choir
The symbols were called neumes, they were written on top of teh words to show the changes of pitch -
800
Secular vocal music
characteristics:
-It has a monophony texture with intrumental accopaniment
-It uses modal scales and rhythmic modes
-It´s designed for fun or entertainment
-It´s written in teh local lenguage
-It´s perfomed by male and female voices
the minstrels had two funtions:
-Some were a mixture of acrobats,mime artists,recirtrs and musicians
-Court were part of the court in palaces and they perfomed their own song
the song were written in songbooks.one of the most common is the Cantigas de Santa María -
800
Intrumental music
CHORDOPHONES:
medieval harp
psaltery
rebec
hurdy-gurdy
AEROPHONES
shawm
cornamuse
portative organ -
800
Litrugical polyphony
A second voice was added to the song and polyphony was born.
The monthly notation included the first symbols related to the meter and had different values depending on the duration of the note.
-Organum: earliests form,the voice was gregorian melody and tyhe second paralled voice was added
-Discantus: new voice was added to the gregorian melody that moves in contrary motion
-Conductus: new composition for two or four voices,same text was sung by all the voices,with the same rhythm -
1400
SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
-ITALY: madrigal
-ENGLAND: numerous songs for one voice with instrumental accompaniment were written.
-FRANCE: chason.
-SPAIN: Romance: popular poetic ballads that told both true and fictional stories. Villancico:it had popular origins,its name come from the tunes that peasants sang in the villages. Ensalada:this composition was a combination of differents forms, languages and polyphonic textures. -
1400
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC: FORM
-Copositions based on vocal music: instrumentalist, who usually accompanied vocal pieces, used these as a base for instrumental works
-compositions with an improvisational feel: composersstarted to write down any brief improvised pieces that were of good musical quality
-variations: it consisted of the exposition of a short musical theme followed by some variations on it,in Spain it was called diferencias -
1400
RENAISSANCE DANCES
Performed in palace halls by the nobility.Members of the court required good dance training,because the high classes always danced at social events and had its own choreography
one of the bets-know combinations of dances was the: pavanes, galliard, branle, sarabande.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hVBlFUb0g60 that is example of dance pavane -
1400
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
Three main forms
-Motet: it already existed in Middle Ages.This form becamemore important,religious and included more parts
-Mass: it was a long composicion with liturgical texts,written in latin. It was based on the fixed parts of the religious ceremony
-Chorale:it was the most common musical form in the protestant liturgy. It was based on pre-existing melodies sung in the vernacular with a simple texture and an AAB structure -
Period: 1400 to
RENAISSANCE MUSIC
The distinction between religious and secular music continued.Characteristics:
-It was composed for several parts
-It was composed using medieval modal scales
-It had a defined and regular rhythm -
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
this was largely thanks to technical developments in instruments and the work of great luthiers such as Antonio Stradivari and Andrea Guarneri
Was the performers started to specialise and the first virtuisis appeared. -BARROQUE ORCHESTRA:
Different sections
BASSO CONTINUO, WIND,STRINGS, PERCUSSION -INSTRUMENTAL FORMS:
FUGUE, CONCERTO,SUITE, SONATA https://josesaporta.wordpress.com/la-musica-en-el-barroco/la-musica-instrumental-en-el-barroco/ -
VOCAL MUSIC-> OPERA
Th eopera is a secular vocal form that aimed to revive clasical Greek theatre
A libretto contains th etext of an opera, divides into several acts:
Opera seria: dramatic
Opera buffa: comic https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-opera-opera-buffa-vs-seria-wagnerian-vs-mozart.html PARTS OF THE OPERA:
Instrumental parts: overture and interlude
Vocal an dinstrumental parts: reciative, aria and chorus -
Period: to
THE BARROQUE PERIOD
It started with the appearance of opera and ended with the death of Johann Sebastian Bach.
In this period instrumental music became just as important as vocal music and the first works written for the orchestra appeared -
Period: to
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD tema 4
The most important composers are Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven
Between the early Modern period and the late Moder period, which started in 1789 to 1820
-the age of the Enlightenment: it was a reforminst movement of the 18 century, defended de use of the "light"
-The First Industrial Revolution: in the 18 century appeared the Machinery started be used
-Neoclassicism: the name of the music in the classical period -
INSTRUMENTS FORMS
sonata,trio quartet quintet, symphony,concerto
Opera seria Christoph Willibald Gluck with 3 acts structure mythological or history plots
Opera buffa Mozart in Naples It used every situations for its plots added comedy or romace and the lenguage that was easy to understad
Religious vocal music requiem by Mozart -
MUSICAL FORMS
4 movements
ExpositionA two main themes Theme A and the Theme B have a Coda and a bridge
Development B
Reexposition A´repetition of the exposition final coda
OTHER MUSIC FORMS
Minuet theme a and b
Rondo theme a which alternate swith diferent episodes or verses
Theme and variations theme A with some variations
ORCHESTRA
the harpsichord and the basso continuo stopped be used and the clarinet, French horn and the piano be incorporated
INSTRUMENTS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyU0S6QE7WE -
music romantic period
MUSIC IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
CHARASTERISED:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmWLIC6vLVE MUSIC:
bass clarinet, contrabassoon, English horn, saxophone, trombone, tuba, bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, gong, triangle, marimba, celest Compositions of piano
-Short pieces for solo piano
nocturnes,fantasias, impromptus and popular dances
-Loger works
piano concertos
-Chamber music
duets trios cuartets
Compositions for orchestra
-symphony
-concerto
-programe symphony
-symphony poem -
opera zurzuela and lied
OPERA
-Italy bel canto-V.Berllini
-France grand opéra-G.Meyerbeer operetta-J.Offenbach
-Germany leitmovit-R.wagner The opera is a theatrical work combining drama and music while zarzuela is a form of spanish opera having spoken dialogue and usually a comic subject
LIED
It is a poem set in simple music, accompanied by the piano and whose aim is to reinforce the content of the text -
musical nationalism
Russia: cesar cui- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjN-fa270Qk
Spain: isaac albeniz- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oEfFbuT3I6A
Hungary: bela bartok- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szC8cS9M-Ew -
Period: to
ROMANTIC PERIOD
the elemnets that characterised Romanis period are subjetivity and self-expressions
The favourites themes are: love, folklore history of each country and nature -
THE FIST HALF CENTURY
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the movements on the 20 century
20 century had a lot of movements
1º half impressionism, expressionism, atonality and the 20-tone, neoclassicism and
2º halfs aleatoric music musique concrete minimal music and electronic music https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhO-cHqhu8U
evolution of the music on the 20 century
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--leBaulER4 -
Period: to
the 20 century
most important events that happened in this century were
Technological advances like computers internet radio cinema or tv
The main international conflicts were Naci Holocaust Wall Street Crash in NY or dictatorial regimes like the fascism of Hitler
The 20 century was marked by the following international events First World War Second World War Russian revolution or Cold War
The arts in this century were a multitude of movements Impressionism Expressionism Cubism Futurism Dadaism and Surrealism
